CHM-131-160 Unit Two – Flashcards
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| Chemistry |
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| The study of matter and explanation of its properties. |
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| How many elements recognized on the periodic table are there? |
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| 119 |
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| What are elements made up of? |
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| atoms |
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| Is the shape of solids fixed or not fixed? |
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| fixed |
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| Is the shape of liquids fixed or not fixed? |
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| not fixed |
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| Is the shape of gases fixed or not fixed? |
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| not fixed |
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| Is the volume of solids fixed or not fixed? |
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| fixed |
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| Is the volume of liquids fixed or not fixed? |
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| fixed |
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| Is the volume of gases fixed or not fixed? |
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| not fixed |
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| Are solids compressible? |
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| no |
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| Are liquids compressible? |
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| no |
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| Are gases compressible? |
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| yes |
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| Describe the proximity of atoms or molecules of solids? |
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| They are very close together and are ridigly fixed in space. |
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| Describe the proximity of atoms or molecules of liquids. |
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| They are close together but are still able to flow around each other. |
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| Describe the proximity of atoms or molecules of gases. |
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| They are not close and constantly collide with each other. They move very fast. |
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| What is a physical change? |
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| A physical change occurs when the physical form is changed, but the identity is not. |
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| What is a chemical change? |
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| A chemical change occurs when the identity of the substance is changed. |
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| What are several examples of physical changes? |
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| melting, freezing, boiling... |
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| What are several examples of a chemical change? |
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| combusting, decomposing, oxidating, precipitating... |
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| What two types of physical properties exist? |
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| intensive and extensive |
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| What are intensive properties? |
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They do not depend on the amount of the substance. e.g. density, temperature, boiling point, freezing point, melting point... |
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| What are extensive properties? |
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Extensive properties do depend on the amount of the substance. e.g. mass, volume, and heat (the amount that is required to raise the temperature varies depending on how much of the sustance there is) |
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| Pure Substances |
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| Matter with fixed composition and distinct properties. IT CANNOT BE SEPARATED MY ANY PHYSICAL MEANS. |
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| Elements |
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| A pure substance that is a fundamental, basic unit and are composed of the same types of atoms. |
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| Compounds |
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| Substances that are composed of more than one type of atom and have a fixed ratio of each element. |
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| Mixtures |
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| Two or more substances combined physically. |
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| Homogeneous Compounds |
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| Compounds that are uniformly mixed. |
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| Heterogeneous Compounds |
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| Compounds whose substances are not evenly distributed throughout. |
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| What are the two types of compound? |
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| Molecular and ionic. |
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| What are the two types of mixtures? |
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| Homogeneous or heterogeneous. |
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| Dalton's Atomic Theory |
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| What is not included in the Dalton's Atomic Theory? |
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| Nothing about atomic particles or anything inside the atom. |
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| Law of Constant Composition |
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| In a given compound the relative numbers and kinds of atoms are fixed. |
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| Law of Constant Proportions |
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| If two elements A & B combine to form more than one compound then, the mass of B taht combines with A is a ratio of small whole numbers. |
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| What does the atom consist of? |
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| protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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| What particles are in the nucleus of the atom? |
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| protons and neutrons |
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| What is the charge and mass of the proton? |
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Charge: +1 Mass: 1 |
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| What is the charge and mass of the neutron? |
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Charge: none Mass: 1 |
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| What is the charge and mass of the electron? |
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Charge: -1 Mass: negligible |
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| What is the atomic number? |
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This number is how we identify different elements. It is also the number or both the protons and electrons in the neutral state of the atom of the element. It is represented by a Z. |
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| What is the atomic mass or mass number? |
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This is the mass of the proton and the neutron of the atom of the element. It is represented by an A. |
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| Isotopes |
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| These are atoms of the same element that differ from each other in the number of neutrons and subsequently mass. |
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| The rows of the periodic table are called what? |
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| periods |
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| The columns of the periodic table are called what? |
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| groups or families |
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| IA |
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| alkali metals |
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| IIA |
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| alkaline earth metals |
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| VIA |
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| chalcogens |
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| VIIA |
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| halogens |
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| VIIIA |
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| noble gases |
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| IA-VIIIA |
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| main or representative group |
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| IB-VIIIB |
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| transition metals |
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| List the properties of metals. |
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Lusterous and shiny. Malleable. Ductile. Conductible. |
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| List the properties of non-metals. |
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Dull / multicolored. Insulators. Hard and brittle. |
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| What are the 7 diatomic molecules? |
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| H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 |
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| What are the colors of the three different states on the periodic table? |
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gases: red liquids: blue solids: black |
