child development vocab (study guide – final) – Flashcards
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Nurture
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The general term used to refer to all the environmental influences that affect development after an individual is conceived.
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Nature
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The general term used to refer to the traits, capacities, and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents.
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Cognitive Theory
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A grand theory of human development that focuses on changes in how people think over time.
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Behaviorism
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A grand theory of human development that studies observable behavior.
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Gamete
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A reproductive cell; that is, a sperm or ovum that can produce a new individual if it combines with another ovum or sperm.
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Zygote
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The single cell formed from the fusing of a sperm and ovum
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Germinal Period
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The first two weeks of development after conception, characterized by rapid cell division and the beginning of cell differentiation
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Fetal Period
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The stage of prenatal development from the ninth week after conception until birth, during which the organs of the developing person grow in size and mature in functioning
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Holophrase
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The characteristic of infant's speech in which a single word is used to convey a complete thought.
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Sensation
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The response of a sensory system (eyes, ears, skin, tongue, nose) when it detects a stimulus.
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Secure Attachment
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The term used to refer to an infant's ability to play independently and happily, reassured by the caregiver's presence.
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Insecure-resistant/ambivalent
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The term used to refer to an infant's distress when separated from a caregiver and resistance or need for contact when that person returns.
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Temperament
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Inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activity, and self-control.
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Social Refrencing
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Observation of someone else's reactions to get information about an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event.
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Babbling
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The extended repetition of certain syllables, such as ba-ba-ba, that begins at 6 or 7 months of age.
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Perception
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The mental processing of sensory information.
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Crying, cooing, babbling, first word
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is the correct sequence of stages of language in language development.
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Object Permanence
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is a term that describes a child's ability to know that objects continue to exist though they can no longer be seen or heard.
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Example of Fine motor skills
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coloring, drawing
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Age 1
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is average age a child can walk unassisted
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Vision
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is the LEAST developed sense at birth.
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Head-sparing
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the biological protection of the brain when malnutrition temporarily affects body growth.
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Anoxia
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lack of oxygen
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The Apgar
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is used to determine if the newborn needs immediate medical care
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The "age of viability"
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refers to the point when the preterm newborn can survive.
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The Cardiovascular system
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is the first organ system that shows any sign of activity.
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Monozygotic Twins
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originates from one zygote.
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The 23rd pair of Chromosomes
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determines a person's sex.
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Phenotype
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is the observable characteristics of a person.
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DNA
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the molecular basis of heredity constructed of a double helix.
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Epigenetic theory
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is described as, development occurs because of an interaction between inherited and environmental forces.
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Sigmund Freud and Erik Erickson are best known for their contributions to which theory?
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Psychoanalytic
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Chromosomes
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are inherited half from the mother and half from the father.
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The study of human development is often divided into which three domains?
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biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial
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The study of human development may best be described as an attempt to understand which of the following?
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How and why people change and stay the same across the lifespan.
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Phenotype
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is the observable characteristics of a person.
