Child Development Chapter 6 – Flashcards
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Mr. Remick asks 9-year-old Anne to divide a pitcher of lemonade equally between two glasses, one each for her and her friend Kate. The two glasses are different shapes, with Anne's being tall and thin and Kate's being short and wide. After Anne pours the lemonade, Mr. Remick says to her, "Look, the lemonade in your glass is higher than the lemonade in Kate's glass. Did you give yourself more than you gave Kate?" "No," Anne replies, "my glass is skinnier." Mr. Remick continues to ask Anne questions to determine how well she understands that height compensates for width in this situation. Mr. Remick's strategy can best be described as illustrating:
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The Clinical Method
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Larger systems of mental processes are known as:
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Operations
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From Piaget's perspective, children are:
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Eager to interact with and make sense of their world
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Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?
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Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with environment
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Five-year-old Becky is playing with blocks, stacking them one on top of another until her towers eventually tumble, and then stacking them again. Which one of the following best reflects Piaget's view of how Becky is probably learning in this situation?
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She is actively thinking about and interpreting the results of her actions
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In Piaget's theory, a scheme can best be described as:
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An organized group of similes thoughts or actions
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In her first trip to a zoo, 7-year-old Latisha notices that leopards have paws very similar in shape to her cat Snowball's paws. She also notices that leopards walk in much the same way that Snowball does. Latisha starts to wonder if perhaps leopards are cats. Latisha's thinking illustrates Piaget's idea that thought is characterized by:
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Use of Schemes
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Which one of the following clearly illustrates Piaget's concept of assimilation?
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Five year old henry draws on the chalk board with a large white crayon instead of with chalk
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Which one of the following statements best describes the idea that cognitive development involves a process of construction?
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Children pull together pieces of information about a topic to create their own understandings
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Louis receives a new soccer ball and begins to dribble it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. His dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget's concept of:
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Assimilation
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Which of the following is not a concept described by Piaget?
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Zone of proximal development
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The processes of assimilation and accommodation both involve:
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Relating new information to prior knowledge
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According to Piaget, three of the following are essential for cognitive development. Which one is not?
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High self-esteem
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Which one of the following teachers is definitely keeping in mind Piaget's idea that assimilation and accommodation are both necessary for cognitive development?
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Mr. Chang shows students how a new topic is similar to the things they already know but also different in certain ways
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From Piaget's perspective, social interactions are most likely to promote cognitive development when:
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Children share and explain different points of view
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As a first-grade teacher reads a book about penguins in Antarctica, she points to Antarctica on a globe. Six-year-old John seems really puzzled. "How come they don't fall off the earth?" he asks. From Piaget's perspective, John can best be described as:
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Experiencing disequilibrium
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Which one of the following best reflects Piaget's notion of equilibration?
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A child revises existing schemes to incorporate new information
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Piaget's view of cognitive development can best be described as:
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Discrete stages in which distinctly different forms of logical thought emerge
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Which one of the following examples best illustrates symbolic thought?
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Laura asks herself "Hmm, where did i put my social studies book?"
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Which one of the following examples best illustrates Piaget's concept of object permanence?
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Two year old Jasmine looks for a favorite toy her father has just hidden in a box
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Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:
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Schemes based primarily on perceptions and behaviors
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From Piaget's perspective, why is language critical for children's cognitive development?
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It gives them a means for symbolically thinking about objects and events
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Piaget spoke of egocentrism as a characteristic of preoperational thought. Three of the following are examples of egocentrism as Piaget defined it. Which one is not?
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Justin is constantly grabbing objects and pulling them toward himself
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Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount. However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, Roger now claims emphatically that the flattened pile has less sand. Based on this information, Roger is probably in Piaget's ________ stage of development.
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Preoperational
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Imagine that you are a third-grade teacher. If you were to make predictions based on Piaget's stages of cognitive development, you would expect most or all of your students to exhibit ________ thinking.
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Concrete operations
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If we look at cognitive development from Piaget's perspective, we would expect a child in the concrete operations stage to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following questions?
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An apple pie is cut into 4 pieces. A blueberry pie of the same size is cut into 12 pieces. How many pieces of blueberry pie do you need to have the same amount as 3 pieces of the apple pie?
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Carl can correctly answer a question such as, "If all flegs are blats, and if all blats are dulms, are all flegs also dulms?" From Piaget's perspective, Carl is most likely in the ________ stage of cognitive development.
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formal operations
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Olivia understands why 3/5 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions. Based on this information, Olivia is probably in Piaget's ________ stage of development.
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formal operations
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James is talking about how much better the world would be if everyone just agreed to love everyone else. In Piaget's view, James is most likely to be:
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14 years old
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In describing the cognitive abilities of infants, Piaget appears to have:
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Underestimated what they know and can do
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Which one of the following would Piaget be least likely to advocate for elementary school children?
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Lectures that describe interesting scientific facts
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From Piaget's perspective, why might it be wise to postpone the teaching of complex fractions until middle school or high school?
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Younger students haven't attained proportional reasoning.
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Three of the following teaching practices are consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Which one is not?
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A second-grade teacher encourages students to speculate about possible explanations as to why kites of different shapes fly differently and then test each explanation systematically
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Which one of the following conditions is most likely to help children learn from a discovery learning activity?
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Having some prior knowledge about the material being explored
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Three of the following teaching strategies should help students benefit from a discovery learning activity. Which strategy is least likely to be helpful?
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Mr. DiCicco takes his students to the site of a Civil War battle and says, "OK, look around and see what you can find that might be of interest to your peers."
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Which one of the following best illustrates how sociocognitive conflict might promote cognitive development?
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The students in a cooperative learning group discuss different ways of solving a difficult math problem.
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After explaining what sines and cosines are, a high school math teacher shows students how they might use these concepts in constructing a large building. Which one of the following principles does this scenario best illustrate?
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Acquiring the cognitive tools of one's culture enables youngsters to live and work more effectively.
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Which one of the following is the best example of a cognitive tool?
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The concept of pi (π) in a geometry class
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Vygotsky proposed that thought and language are:
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Largely independent before age two but closely connected thereafter
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Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?
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Carol revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies them in science.
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Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky's concept of internalization?
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Through their social interactions with other people, children acquire ways of mentally approaching and thinking about a task.
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From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role does inner speech play?
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By giving themselves directions about what to do next, children guide themselves through complex tasks.
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From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?
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It supports children as they perform difficult tasks.
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Vygotsky's concept of zone of proximal development refers to:
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The range of tasks children can accomplish only with support
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Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems. Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are:
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Engaging the students in guided participation
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Leonard is teaching Sally how to play a new card game. During the first time through the game, Leonard looks at Sally's cards and helps her decide how to play them at each turn. As Sally becomes more familiar with the game's rules and strategies, Leonard gives her fewer hints and less assistance. This scenario best illustrates:
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Scaffolding
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Xavier loves to write poetry. Often he uses techniques that his favorite poets use, but typically he modifies these techniques to better suit his own style. This situation illustrates which one of the following concepts in Vygotsky's theory?
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Appropriation
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Which one of the following issues reflects a fundamental difference between Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development?
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How much children depend on adult guidance to make cognitive gains
