Chemistry Unit 4 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Chemical Bond
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A mutual electrostatic attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms
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Octet Rule
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Nonmetals get 8 e- in outer shell
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Lewis Dot Structure
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Show which elements combine to form compounds and in which proportions
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Bond Energy
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The amount of energy required to break a chemical bond or released when a chemical bond is formed
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Empirical Formula
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Gives the lowest whole-number ratio of each element in a compound
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Molecular Formula
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Gives the exact number of atoms in a compound
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Valence Electrons
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Electrons in the outer shell of an atom
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Anion
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Negative ion formed when valence electrons are gained
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Cation
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Positive ion formed when valence electrons are lost
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Ionic Compound
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Ions in compound cannot move around because of strong attractive forces between cations and anions so: crystalline (crystal lattice) solids at room temperature; high melting points; conduct electricity because ions are allowed to move freely when melted or dissolved in water; rigid and brittle
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Ionic Bond
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Form between metal cation and nonmetal anion to make a a stable, electrically neutral compound
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Chemical Formula
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Indicates which ions are present in a compound and how many. NaCl
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Formula Unit
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The simplest ratio between the types and numbers of atoms in a salt
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Coordination Number
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The number of atoms or ions immediately surrounding a central atom
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Oxidation Number
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The "charge" per particle; reaction in which a particle loses electrons
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Metallic Bonds
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Form between a metal and a metal; shiny, flexible elements; good conductors; ductile (drawn into wires); malleable (hammered or pressed into shapes); metals hold onto their valence electrons very weakly which is why they are ductile, malleable, and flexible-they are cations floating in a sea of electrons
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Alloys
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Metal made by combining two or more metals
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Resonance Structures
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Multiple Lewis Dot Structures that describe a molecule
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Polyatomic Ion
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Behave as a single unit in dissolving something or in chemical reactions
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Crystal Lattice
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Atoms are placed at regular intervals and patterns to make a network of cations and anions; if one slips out of place the atoms repel each other and the salt breaks
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Salt
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A compound made of ions (usually a metal and a nonmetal) that are attracted to each other
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Reduction
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Reaction in which a particle gains electrons
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Lattice Energy
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The amount of energy released when the lattice forms (how much energy is needed to break the bond or dissolve the compound)
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Ionic Compound
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High melting and boiling point; conduct electricity when melted; hard and brittle
