Chemistry Review Cards – Flashcards
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Unlock answers| Properties of the Alkali Metals |
o Very reactive due to single valence electron o All metals o Typically form salts |
| Properties of Alkali Earth Metals |
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Properties of transition metals (Groups 3 - 12) |
o Can have varying oxidation number/Ionic Charge |
- Halogens (Group 7) |
o Very reactive because almost a full shell o Gas at standard condition
o Form salts with alkali metals |
- Noble Gases (Group 8) |
o Not reactive due to full valance shells – Stable |
| Rules of the Stock Method |
- If transition metal, state element, then roman numeral in brackets relative to the number of borrowed electrons
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| How to name Covalent bonded molecules? |
Use a prefix based on # of given elements in the molecule: o Prefixes: § 1 = mono § 2 = di § 3 = tri § 4 = tetra § 5 = Penta
§ 6 = Hexa…. |
| How to name Ionic bonded molecules? |
No need to add prefix. Metal first, gas second; suffix of "ide" |
What occurs during a Single Displacement reaction? |
AB + C ---> AC + B |
| Double Displacement |
| AB + CD ---> AC + BD |
| Decomposition |
| AB ---> A + B |
| Combustion |
Combustible + O2 ---> H2O + CO2 |
| Synthesis |
| A + B ---> AB |
| What is the law of conservation of mass? |
Matter is neither created nor destroyed |
| What information do the rows of the periodic table give you? |
Rows 1,2,4-8 predicts # of valence electrons |
| What information do the periods of the periodic table give you? |
| Periods indicate the # of shells an element has |
| What are the properties of an Acid? |
| Sour, induct electricity, react with metals to make hydrogen gas, reactions with carbonates to release carbon dioxide, turns litmus red, contains hydronium |
| What are the properties of a Base? |
o Bitter, Slippery, Conduct electricity, substance that has hydroxide or forms in water |
| What is an exothermic reaction? |
Exothermic reaction is the release of energy from a system to the surroundings (Heat) due to chemical reaction |
| What is an endothermic reaction? |
o Endothermic reaction is the absorption of energy from the system (Cold) due to a chemical reaction |
| What is the rate of reaction in reference to a chemical reaction? |
| Refers to the likelihood of a chemical reaction. How often, and how likely a reaction will occur due to various factors. |
| What are the factors that affect rate of reaction, and how do they increase or decrease this rate? |
Temperature - Increase of temperature will increase kinetic energy of the molecules, therefore increases rate of reaction
Surface Area - increase of surface area allows for more contact with reactant molecules, therefore increases rate of reaction
Nature of Reactants - Change of rate is different based on how reactive a reactant is
Catalysts - These complex compounds lower the required energy for reactions
Concentration - more molecules = higher likelihood for reaction |
