Chemistry Internship Study Questions Section 1 – Flashcards
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: A [image] |
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| Protein |
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: B [image] |
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| Muscle |
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: C [image] |
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| Purine |
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: D [image] |
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| Renal Disease, Heart Failure, Shock |
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: E [image] |
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| Renal Disease, Muscle Disease |
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: F [image] |
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| Gout, Leukemia, Chemotherapy |
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: G [image] |
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| 6-20 mg/dL |
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: H [image] |
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| 0.5-1.1 mg/dL |
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| Fill in the chart, For "highest" levels, list the most common conditions: I [image] |
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| 3.0-8.5 mg/dL |
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| Is conjugated Bilirubin Direct or Indirect? |
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| Direct |
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| Is unconjugated Bilirubin Direct or Indirect? |
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| Indirect |
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| Is conjugated Bilirubin water soluble? |
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| Yes |
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| Is unconjugated Bilirubin water soluble? |
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| No |
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| Is conjugated Bilirubin Detectable in Urine? |
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| Yes |
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| Is unconjugated Bilirubin Detectable in Urine? |
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| No |
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| Is conjugated Bilirubin Albumin-Bound? |
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| No |
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| Is unconjugated Bilirubin Albumin-Bound? |
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| Yes |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: A [image] |
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| Hemolytic Disorders, Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn, Transfusion Reactions |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: B [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: C [image] |
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| Normal |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: D [image] |
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| Negative |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: E [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: F [image] |
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| Liver Disease, Hepatitis, Cirrhosis |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: G [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: H [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: I [image] |
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| Positive |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: J [image] |
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| Increased OR Normal |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: K [image] |
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| Bile duct obstruction from gall stones, Tumors |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: L [image] |
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| Normal |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: M [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: N [image] |
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| Increased |
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| Fill in the chart, indicate if levels will be typically normal, increased, or decreased: O [image] |
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| Decreased |
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| List the reference ranges (including reporting units) for: Total Cholesterol |
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| <200 mg/dL |
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| List the reference ranges (including reporting units) for: Triglyceride |
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| <150 mg/dL |
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| List the reference ranges (including reporting units) for: HDL |
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| >60 mg/dL |
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| List the reference ranges (including reporting units) for: LDL |
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| <110 mg/dL |
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| Why would it be acceptable to run total cholesterol on a random sample versus a fasting sample? |
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| Most cholesterol is produced by the liver. Only 10-15% comes from dietary intake. |
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| Describe the appearance of a serum sample collected after a meal and allowed to sit refrigerated overnight. |
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| Clear with milky top layer |
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| What lipoprotein is consistent with a serum sample that appears clear with a milky top later after a meal and has been allowed to sit refrigerated overnight? |
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| Chylomicrons |
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| Match the lipid with its carrier protein (lipoprotein): VLDL |
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| ENDOgenous Triglyceride |
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| Match the lipid with its carrier protein (lipoprotein): LDL |
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| Transports Cholesterol TO Tissues |
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| Match the lipid with its carrier protein (lipoprotein): HDL |
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| Transports Cholesterol AWAY FROM Tissues |
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| Match the lipid with its carrier protein (lipoprotein): Chylomicrons |
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| EXOgenous Triglyceride |
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| Match the lipid with its carrier protein (lipoprotein): Endogenous Triglyceride |
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| VLDL |
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| Match the lipid with its carrier protein (lipoprotein): Transports Cholesterol TO Tissues |
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| LDL |
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| Match the lipid with its carrier protein (lipoprotein): Transports Cholesterol AWAY FROM Tissues |
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| HDL |
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| Match the lipid with its carrier protein (lipoprotein): EXOgenous Triglyceride |
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| Chylomicrons |
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| What genetically controlled lipoprotein is responsible for coronary heard disease at an early age when detected in high amounts? |
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| Lp (a) |
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| Give the manual calculation for VLDL |
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| Triglycerides / 5 |
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| Give the manual calculation for LDL |
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| Total - HDL - (Triglycerides/5) |
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| Under what situation are the VLDL & LDL calculations invalid? |
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| When triglycerides are >400 |
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| The enzymatic method for triglyceride quantitation involves measuring liberated glycerol. What is the enzyme used in this method? |
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| Lipase |
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| List the reference range for total bilirubin in a normal adult |
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| 0.1-1.2 mg/dL |
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| List the reference range for direct bilirubin in a normal adult |
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| 0-0.5 mg/dL |
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| How is an indirect bilirubin calculated? |
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| Total - Direct |
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| Describe any specimen handling requirements for bilirubin if testing is delayed |
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| Avoid light exposure (may cause false negative) |
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| What is the name of the reagent used in the classic bilirubin reaction? |
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| Diazo |
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| How will hemolysis in the sample affect bilirubin results? |
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| Decrease Value |
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| How will lipemia in the sample affect bilirubin results? |
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| Increase Value |
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| What is the purpose of adding an accelerant to a bilirubin reaction? |
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| Converts Indirect to Direct so that all bilirubin (total) is measured |
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| What is the accelerant used in the Malloy-Evelyn method for total bilirubin? |
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| Methanol |
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| What is the accelerant used in the Jendrassik-Grof method for total bilirubin? |
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| Caffeine-benzoate |
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| When can determination of bilirubin by direct spectrophotometry be used? |
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| Newborns only (x<1 month). Read absorbance @ 450 nm |
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| After birth, at what age will a newborn's bilirubin level equal normal adult levels? |
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| 1 Month |
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| What is the formula to find the corrected CrCl? |
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| Observed Creatinine Clearance * (1.73 / Body Surface Area) |
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| What is the formula to find the observed CrCl? |
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| (Urine Creatinine *Urine volume) / (Serum Creatinine * Time (min)) |
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| Why must sodium fluoride tubes be avoided when measuring BUN & Creatinine? |
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| Causes Falsely Decreased BUN |
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| What body function is being assessed by the creatinine clearance? |
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| Glomerular Filtration Rate |
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| What is the normal average Creatinine Clearance for an adult? |
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| 120 mLs/min (on average) |
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| Calculate the Observed CrCl results for the given set of data: Urine Creatinine = 100 mg/dL Serum Creatinine = 1.1 mg/dL Collection Time = 12 hours Urine Volume = 655 mLs Body Surface Area = 2.34 m2 |
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| 83 mLs/Minute |
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| Calculate the Observed CrCl results for the given set of data: Urine Creatinine = 56 mg/dL Serum Creatinine = 1.2 mg/dL Collection Time = 24 Hours Urine Volume = 1 Liter Body Surface Area = 1.6 m2 |
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| 32 mLs/Minute |
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| Calculate the Corrected CrCl results for the given set of data: Urine Creatinine = 100 mg/dL Serum Creatinine = 1.1 mg/dL Collection Time = 12 hours Urine Volume = 655 mLs Body Surface Area = 2.34 m2 |
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| 61 mLs/Minute |
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| Calculate the Corrected CrCl results for the given set of data: Urine Creatinine = 56 mg/dL Serum Creatinine = 1.2 mg/dL Collection Time = 24 Hours Urine Volume = 1 Liter Body Surface Area = 1.6 m2 |
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| 35 mLs/Minute |
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| What is the name of the classic reaction for creatinine? |
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| Jaffe |
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| What is the primary reagents used for the Jaffe method (classic reaction for creatinine)? |
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| Alkaline Picrate |
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| What is an eGFR? |
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| Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate |
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| What is the benefit of performing an eGFR over a traditional CrCl? |
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| No need for urine decreased levels associated with chronic kidney disease. Calculated from serum creatinine, body weight, height, sex, and race. |
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| Why may the Cystatin C test be preferred over a creatinine clearance for assessment of renal function? |
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| Formed at a constant rate. No urine needed. A decreased GFR will cause a Increase in the Serum. |
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| What is a normal BUN:Cr ratio? |
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| 10:1 - 20:1 |
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| What is the purpose/use of calculating a BUN:Cr ratio? |
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| May help differentiate pre-renal from renal causes of an Increased BUN |
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| High ammonia levels are consistent with what organ failure? |
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| Liver |
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| What disease is associated with high ammonia and encephalopathy in children who have taken aspirin to treat flu symptoms? |
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| Reye's Syndrome |
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| What type of tube and special handling is required when collecting samples for ammonia? |
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| Lithium heparin tubes are preferred. EDTA tubes are OKAY. Place on Ice! Separate ASAP & Freeze up to 24 Hours |
