Chemistry Chapter 5 Test Questions – Flashcards

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amplitude
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height of a wave from the origin to crest or from the origin to trough; depends on the amount of energy in the wave
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atomic emission spectrum
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set of frequencies of electromagnetic waves given off by atoms of an element; consists of a series of fine lines of individual colors
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atomic orbital
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three dimensional region around the nucleus of an atom that describes an electron's probable location
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aufbau principle
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states that each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available
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de Broglie equation
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predicts that all moving particles have wave characteristics and relates each particle's wavelength to its frequency, its mass, and Planck's constant
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electromagnetic radiation
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form of energy exhibiting wavelike behavior as it travels through space;
can be described by wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and speed and includes visible light, microwaves, X rays, and radio waves
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electromagnetic spectrum
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includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation, with the only differences in the types of radiation being their frequencies and wavelengths
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electron configuration
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the arrangement of electrons in an atom

follows aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rule
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electron-dot structure
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consists of an element's symbol surrounded by dots representing the atom's valence electrons
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energy sublevel
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the energy levels contained within a principal energy level
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frequency
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the number of waves that pass a given point per second
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ground state
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the lowest allowable energy state of an atom
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Heisenberg uncertainty principle
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states that it is not possible to know precisely both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time
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Hund's rule
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states that single electrons with the same spin must ocuupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbitals
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Pauli exclusion principle
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states that a maximum of two electrons may occupy a single atomic orbital, but only if the electrons have opposite spins
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photoelectric effect
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a phenomenon in which photo-electrons are emitted froma metal's surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface
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photon
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a particle of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that carries a quantum of energy
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Planck's constant
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h; which has a value of 6.626 x 10^-34 Joule seconds
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principal energy level
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major energy levels of an atom
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principal quantum number
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n, which the quantum mechanical model assighs to indicate the relative sizes and energies of atomic orbitals
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quantum
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the minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom
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quantum mechanical model of the atom
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an atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves; also called the wave mechanical model of the atom
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valence electron
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the electrons in an atom's outermost orbitals; determine the chemical properties of an element
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wavelength
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the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave; is usually expressed in meters, centimeters or nanometers
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c = λν

ν = c/λ

λ = c/ν

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c is the speed of light (3 x 10^8 m/s)

 

λ is the wavelength (can be meters, cm, nanometers)

ν is the frequency (measured in Hertz, cycles per second)

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