question

What feature makes both methane and carbon dioxide greenhouse gases?

answer

Their bonds bend and stretch in response to infrared radiation.

question

The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reported changes in the concentrations greenhouse gases from the pre-industrial era to the year 2000. The concentration of CO2 increased from 280 ppm to 370 ppm, N2O increased from 0.28 ppm to 0.31 ppm, and CH4 increased from 0.70 ppm to 1.8 ppm. Arrange the three gases in order of their percent increase in concentration.

answer

N2O, CO2, CH4

question

The 1997 Kyoto Conference resulted in an agreement regarding emissions of greenhouse gasses. In this agreement,

answer

the developed countries would have set goals for the percentage reduction of their emissions.

question

The formula for wintergreen is C8H8O3. How many molecules are in 10.0 g of pure C8H8O3? (The molar mass of C8H8O3 is 152 g/mol.)

answer

4.0 x 1022

question

Which country has the highest per capita CO2 emissions at this time?

answer

United States

question

Which two sources together account for more than half of all CO2 emissions in the United States?

answer

transportation and utilities

question

Which do not affect climate modeling and predictions of global warming?

answer

All of these do have an effect.

question

What is the molar mass of CO2?

answer

44 g/mol

question

Which process will help reduce CO2 levels in the atmosphere? I. increase clear cutting of forests II. car pooling rather than driving individual cars III. using more renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power IV. generating more electricity with nuclear power

answer

II, III, IV only

question

The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere

answer

is now approximately 385 ppm.

question

Based on molecular structure, which of these atmospheric components cannot contribute to global warming?

answer

O2

question

What is happening at the wavelengths at which the graph dips down to the x-axis in this transmission spectrum of carbon dioxide?

answer

These are regions of strong absorption.

question

Scientists have estimated the average global temperature over the last 160,000 years, based on ice core samples from Antarctica. What do they look at in these samples to make this estimation?

answer

1H / 2H ratio

question

The largest percentage of energy from the Sun comes to Earth in the form of

answer

infrared radiation.

question

Which is a correct Lewis structure, shape, and bond angle for carbon dioxide?

answer

linear 180o

question

The carbon cycle refers to the

answer

movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, the sea, and the Earth.

question

What is the major source of the greenhouse gas methane, CH4?

answer

agriculture, particularly cultivated rice paddies

question

Consider this information about two greenhouse gases, CH4 and N2O. Which statement is correct for CH4?

answer

CH4 is a less effective greenhouse gas, and there is more of it in the troposphere.

question

Which explanation accounts for the fact that, on average, cloudy nights are warmer than clear ones?

answer

Clouds are made up of water vapor, a greenhouse gas.

question

Which statement was considered "very unlikely" in the 2001 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)?

answer

Observed global warming over the past 100 years is due solely to natural climatic variability.

question

Which statement is correct?

answer

A credible consequence of global warming is altered climate.

question

To maintain Earth's energy balance, incoming energy from the Sun must equal energy that radiates back into space. Which is the main process that returns energy into space?

answer

emission from the atmosphere

question

What is the molar mass of CH3OCH3?

answer

46.06 g/mol

question

Assuming we can isolate a small, finite number of atoms or molecules and weigh them, which would have the greatest mass?

answer

1 atom of uranium (U)

question

Which molecular geometry and bond angle describe carbon dioxide?

answer

linear, 180o

question

The carbon cycle describes the exchange of carbon between Earth's atmosphere, land, and water. Which processes add carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, to the atmosphere? I. deforestation by cutting and burning trees II. deposition of calcium carbonate in the oceans III. combustion of fossil fuels IV. respiration of humans and animals

answer

I, III, IV only

question

How do the terms greenhouse effect and global warming differ?

answer

The greenhouse effect is the return of 80% of heat energy to earth. Global warming is the increase in the amount of heat returned to earth caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases.

question

Possible consequences of continued global warming include:

answer

changes in agricultural productivity.

question

Caffeine has the formula C8H10N4O2. How many molecules are in 10.0 g of pure caffeine? (The molar mass of C8H10N4O2 is 194 g/mol.)

answer

3.1 x 1022

question

Consider this information about two greenhouse gases:, N2O and CCl2F2. The gas N2O has a greenhouse factor of 160 and an abundance in the troposphere of 3.0 x 10-5%. CCl2F2 has a greenhouse factor of 25000 and an abundance in the troposphere of 4.8 x 10-8%. Which statement is correct?

answer

CCl2F2 is a more effective greenhouse gas, and there is less of it in the troposphere.

question

How do scientists know how concentration of carbon dioxide has changed if atmospheric data from the last several thousand years are not available?

answer

Ice cores have been analyzed for the content of CO2.

question

Which factors should be considered when deciding which greenhouse gases to target for control? I. greenhouse factor II. relative abundance III. atmospheric lifetime

answer

I, II, and III

question

How many grams of CO2 are needed to have exactly 3.0 x 102 mol of CO2?

answer

1.3 x 104 g

question

Which vibrational mode for carbon dioxide does not contribute to the greenhouse effect?

answer

vibration (a)

question

How many atoms are in 0.35 mol of CO2?

answer

6.3 x 1023

question

How do the numbers of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a neutral atom of Ag-109 compare with those of Ag-107?

answer

Both have the same number of protons and electrons, but Ag-109 has two more neutrons.

question

This is the Lewis structure for trifluorochloromethane, CClF3.

answer

109.5o

question

World emissions for CO2 in 1995 totaled 6.46 billion tons. Which statement is true about projections for 2035?

answer

Total emissions are expected to rise, with a higher percent of the total coming from the developing world.

question

Which country has shown the greatest percentage increase in CO2 emissions in the time period between 1950 and 2000?

answer

China

question

Both the Clinton and G. W. Bush administrations have been unwilling to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. In addition to potential economic effects, what is another U.S. objection to the treaty?

answer

No provisions are in place to limit greenhouse gas emissions for developing countries.

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