Chem Practice Final Questions
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A brief statement summarizing many observations of a physical phenomenon is called a a. scientific theory b. hypothesis c. fact d. law of nature
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D
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The evaluation of societal risk includes all of the components of individual risk plus a. the probability that an incident will occur b. the degree of severity of the incident c. the number of people affected by the incident d. the benefit associated with the incident
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C
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Mass is a. the measure of the amount of space that matter occupies b. the measure of the amount of matter c. the measure of the force of gravity on matter d. the measure of the volume of matter
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B
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Which of the following is a chemical property? a. sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide b. salt dissolves in water c. sugar is a solid at room temperature d. oil and water do not mix
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A
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As water flows over a dam, a. kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases b. kinetic energy decreases and potential energy increases c. kinetic energy and potential energy remain constant d. kinetic energy and potential energy increase
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A
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The amount of carbon on the Earth, including the atmosphere, a. is essentially constant b. is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels, such s coal and petroleum c. is increasing due to plant and animal growth on the planet d. fluctuates dramatically with the seasons
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A
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Methane can be decomposed into two simpler substances, hydrogen and carbon. Therefore, methane a. isagas b. can not be an element c. must be a mixture d. must have the formula CH
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B
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Dalton explained the law of conservation of mass by stating that atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Dalton's explanation is an example of a scientific a. theory b. law c. hypothesis d. experiment
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A
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The observation that 20 g of hydrogen gas always combines with 160 g of oxygen gas to form 180 g of water, even where there is more than 160 g of oxygen present in the reaction container, illustrates the law of a. definite proportions b. multiple proportions c. ideal gases d. excess reactants
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A
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Ions are a. charged atoms b. electrons c. neutrons d. electrodes
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A
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A stream of electrons will behave in what way in an electric field? a. be unchanged b. be stopped c. be deflected toward the positive electrode d. be deflected toward the negative electrode
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C
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The nuclear model of the atom was constructed from which fundamental experiment? a. alpha particle scattering by thin metal foils b. cathode ray behavior in electrical fields c. atomic spectra from gas discharge tubes d. electrolysis of water
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A
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In the quantum mechanical view of the atom, electrons are confined to charge clouds called a. orbits b. orbitals c. energy levels d. ions
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B
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The charge on the nucleus of a sodium atom is a. 0 b. 1+ c. 11+ d. 23+
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C
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The element tin (Sn) occurs naturally as ten isotopes. Each of these isotopes has a. 50 protons b. 50 electrons c. a different number of neutrons d. all of the above
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D
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How many neutrons are there in the potassium-40 isotope? a. 59 b. 40 c. 21 d. 19
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C
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The atomic number increases by 1 during what type of radioactive decay? a. alpha b. beta c. gamma d. none of these
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B
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The number of electrons in a sodium ion, Na+, is a. 10 b. 11 c. 12 d. 23
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A
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An electron dot structure is a convenient method of representing a. valence electrons of an atom b. core electrons of an atom c. all electrons of the atom d. the complete electron configuration of the atom
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A
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Which of the noble gases does not have an octet of electrons in its outer shell? a. He b. Ne c. Ar d. Kr
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A
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Which is the electron dot structure of calcium? a. Ca b. Ca• c. •Ca• d. •Ca:
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C
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Which one of the following does not contain an Avogadro's number of particles? a. 1.0 mole of carbon b. 23 g of sodium c. 6.02 × 10^23 atoms of silicon d. 12 g of water
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D
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Avogadro's number is big. If you had 6.02 × 1023 dollars, and could spend it at 1 billion (109) per second for your entire life (≈75 years), what approximate percentage of your original money would you have left? a. 0% b. 10% c. 50% d. ≈100%
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D
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Foods that are acidic can be identified by their _____ taste. a. bitter b. sweet c. salty d. sour
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D
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A useful broad view of reactions between acids and bases involves the a. transfer of protons b. transfer of electrons c. conversion of protons into electrons d. ionization of atoms
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A
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Which one of the following is a hydroxide ion? a. OH− b. H+ c. H3O+ d. H2O−
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A
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When metals react with oxygen they form a. new elements b. halides c. oxides d. metalloids
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C
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Magnesium burns brightly in the presence of oxygen. When magnesium reacts with oxygen, the product is a. MgO b. MgO2 c. Mg2O d. Mg+CO2
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A
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The composition of the sun is mostly _____. a. oxygen b. hydrogen c. uranium d. ozone
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B
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Which one of the following is not one of the definitions of oxidation? a. Oxidation is the addition of oxygen to a substance b. Oxidation is the addition of hydrogen to a substance c. Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance d. Oxidation is the loss of hydrogen from a substance
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B
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Organic chemistry is most broadly defined as a. the chemistry of living systems b. the chemistry of substances produced by living systems c. the chemistry of the compounds of carbon d. the chemistry of the non-metallic compounds
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C
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The unique aspect of a saturated hydrocarbon is that it must contain a. only carbon and hydrogen b. only single bonds c. single and double bonds d. single, double and triple bonds
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B
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What is the name of the compound with a formula CH3CH3? a. methane b. ethane c. propane d. butane
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B
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Compounds with the same number and kinds of atoms but with different structures are known as a. homologs b. isotopes c. isomers d. allotropes
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C
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The most abundant component of dry air is a. argon b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen d. oxygen
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C
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Which component of the atmosphere is predicted to continue to rise in the foreseeable future? a. argon b. carbon dioxide c. nitrogen d. oxygen
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B
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An atmospheric inversion is a phenomenon that may have disastrous effects with respect to air pollution. An atmospheric inversion is when a a. lower layer of cool air is trapped by an upper layer of warmer air b. lower layer of warm air is trapped by an upper layer of cooler air c. lower layer of oxygen rich air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen deficient air d. lower layer of oxygen deficient air is trapped by an upper layer of oxygen rich air
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A
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The term "greenhouse effect" is derived from the fact that a. greenhouse gases act like the glass in a greenhouse b. increasing global temperatures will make the earth a better greenhouse c. green things absorb heat energy most efficiently d. it was discovered by a scientist living in a green house
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A
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Fuels are _____ forms of matter. a. oxidized b. reduced c. acidic d. basic
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B
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The primary element in coal is a. carbon b. hydrogen c. oxygen d. sulfur
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A
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The main components of petroleum are a. hydrocarbons b. carbohydrates c. fats and oils d. ionic compounds
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A
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Hydrogen gas has been proposed as a fuel of the future because a. it can be obtained cheaply by drilling b. it can be extracted from seawater with no energy expenditure c. it is nonflammable d. it burns to produce water
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D
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Which of the following is not produced during the metabolism of glucose? a. energy b. carbon dioxide c. ammonia d. water
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C
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Complex carbohydrates are essentially polymers of a. glucose b. amino acids c nucleic acids d. cholesterol
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A
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Polyunsaturated fats have a. primarily C−C bonds b. a large proportion of C=C bonds c. one or more C≡C bonds d. an odd number of carbon atoms
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B
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Iron plays a central role in a. protein synthesis b. nucleic acid replication c. hemoglobin structure and oxygen transport d. bones
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C
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Fat soluble vitamins are a. polar b. nonpolar c. ionic d. hydrocarbons
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A
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A high fiber diet has been linked with the prevention of a. diarrhea b. colon cancer c. aging d. the common cold
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B
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Which science is primarily concerned with the study of matter and the changes it undergoes? A. Biology B. Chemistry C. Geology D. Physics
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B
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Science is tentative, explanatory, and A. Absolute B. Testable C. Unpredictable D. Mystical
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B
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Scientific results must be verified by A. Constructing plausible theories B. Consulting noted scientific authorities C. Further experiment D. Government agencies
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C
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The results of an experiment are easiest to interpret when the experiment has______variable(s) A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 10
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A
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Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen when exposed to heat or light. A tightly capped bottle of hydrogen peroxide is placed on a mass scale (a balance) and exposed to light for three weeks. The mass reading on the scale does not change. This is and example of A. The Law of Conservation of Mass B. The Law of Definite Proportions C. The Law of Constant Composition D. The Law of Multiple Proportions
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A
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The amount of carbon on the earth, including the atmosphere, A. Is essentially constant B. Is decreasing due to consumption of carbon based fuels, such as coal and petroleum C. Is increasing due to plant and animal growth on the planet D. Fluctuates dramatically with the seasons
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A
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7. Methane can be decomposed into two simpler substances, hydrogen, and carbon. Therefore, methane A. is a gas B. cannot be an element C. must be a mixture D. must have the formula CH
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B
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Which one of the following IS NOT part of Dalton's atomic theory? A. Matter is composed of atoms B. Atoms of the same element have the same properties C. Atoms of different elements have different properties D. Atoms change into other atoms in chemical reactions
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D
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9. Ions are A. Charged atoms B. Electrons C. Neutrons D. Electrodes
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A
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10. Cathode rays are beams of A. Anions B. Electrons C. Neutrons D. Protons
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B
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11. Radioactivity is A. The spontaneous emission of radiation from unstable elements B. The emission of light from certain substances after exposure to sunlight C. The spontaneous emission of radio waves from matter D. The emission of light from matter when exposed to radio waves
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A
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12. The nuclear model of the atom was constructed from which fundamental experiment? A. Alpha particle scattering by thin metal foils B. Cathode ray behavior in electrical fields C. Atomic spectra from gas discharge tubes D. Electrolysis of water
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A
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13. If it were possible to obtain a cubic centimeter of pure atomic nuclei, its mass would be approximately A. 1g. B. 19g. C. 1.2 x 1011 kg. D. 1kg.
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C
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14. 222/86 Rn decays by emission of an alpha particle. The product of this decay is A. 226/88 Ra B. 218/84 Po C. 218/88 Ra D. 220/86 Rn
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B
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The amount of a radioactive isotope that remains after two half-lives have passed is A. 98% B. 75% C. 50% D. 25%
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D
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16. Nuclear fission is a process by which the nucleus of an atom A. Splits into two or more fragment spontaneously B. Is induced to split into two or more fragments by some external source C. Combines with another nucleus to produce a larger nucleus D. Loses a proton with the release of a large amount of energy
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B
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17. The number of protons in a chloride ion, CI- , is A. 16 B. 17 C. 18 D. 35
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B
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18. Which of the following molecules is not likely to exist? A. N2 B. F2 C. CCI4 D. He2
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D
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20. A fluoride ion is A. F+ B. F2+ C. F- D. F2-
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C
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22. When 1 liter of nitrogen gas reacts with 3 liters of hydrogen gas at constant temperature and pressure, how many liters of ammonia gas will be produced? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. More information is required
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B
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25. Which one of the following is a hydroxide ion? A. OHB. H+ C. H3O+ D. H2O-
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A
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26. What is the formula for calcium hydroxide? A. CaOH B. Ca2OH C. Ca(OH)2 D. CaOH2
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C
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28. In the reaction Cu+ + Fe Cu + Fe2+ (Note: The reaction is not balanced) A. Iron is reduced B. Copper is oxidized C. Copper(II) is the reducing agent D. Note of these
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D
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29. All redox reactions occur with the transfer of A. Protons B. Electrons C. Oxygen D. Hydrogen
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B
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35. CFC's are most likely to be found in A. Refrigerators B. Pesticides C. Toasters D. Gasoline
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A
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36. The layer of the atmosphere that is closest to the surface of the earth is the A. Mesosphere B. Stratosphere C. Thermosphere D. Troposphere
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D
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38. The complete oxidation of coal produces A. Carbon monoxide (CO) B. Carbon dioxide (CO2) C. Particulate matter D. Soot
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B
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41. All of the following examples are classified as potential energy except A. Energy stored by position B. Energy in nuclear particles C. Energy of a moving object D. Energy in chemical bonds
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C
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42. Which technology is not used at all today for the production of electricity? A. Nuclear fusion B. Nuclear fission C. Solar cells D. Geothermal power plants
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A
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43. Hydrogen gas has been proposed as a fuel of the future because A. It can be obtained cheaply by drilling B. It can be extracted from seawater with no energy expenditure C. It is nonflammable D. It burns to produce water
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D
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44. Polyunsaturated fats have A. Primarily C C bonds B. A large proportion of C=C Bonds C. One or more C C bonds D. An odd number of carbon atoms
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B
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45. A good source of complex carbohydrates is A. Sucrose B. Lactose C. Cereal grains D. Beef Stake
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C
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46. From your body's perspective, glucose is A. A fuel B. An oxidizing agent C. A source of structural material D. All of the above
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A
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47. Complete (adequate) protein contains A. All the known amino acids B. All the amino acids found in human protein C. All the essential amino acids D. All the amino acids for which U.S. RDAs have been established
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C
