CHEM.FINAL.17 – Flashcards
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A _____ consists of a nitrogen-containing base and a sugar.
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nucleoside
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A _____ consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.
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nucleotide
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Which of the following can NOT be found in a nucleotide of RNA?
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deoxyribose
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Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA?
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uracil
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Which of the following will not be found in DNA?
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ribose
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Which of the following can be found in DNA?
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deoxyadenosine
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The nucleotides in the backbone of DNA are held together by _____ bonds
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phosphodiester
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The bonds that link the base pairs in the DNA double helix are
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hydrogen bonds
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The base sequence of the strand of DNA complementary to the segment -T-G-G-C-A-A-C- is:
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-A-C-C-G-T-T-G
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The two new DNA molecules formed in replication
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contain one parent and one daughter strand.
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What is the process in which the DNA double helix unfolds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand?
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replication
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When DNA replicates, a guanine forms a base pair with
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cytosine
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Which of the following types of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes?
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mRNA
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Translation is the process whereby
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protein is synthesized from mRNA
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In transcription
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the mRNA produced is complementary to one strand of the DNA.
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Which of the following is a section of mRNA produced from the DNA template below? -A-T-A-G-C-T-A
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-U-A-U-C-G-A-U
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Which one of the following base pairs is found in DNA?
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adenine-thymine
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In the synthesis of mRNA, an adenine in the DNA pairs with
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uracil
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A DNA template having the base sequence -A-G-A-T-G-A- would produce a mRNA with a base sequence of
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-U-C-U-A-C-U-.
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Codons are base pair sequences that
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code for amino acids
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When mRNA is synthesized using the information from DNA, the process is called
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transcription.
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The codon is found on _____, and the anticodon is found on _____.
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mRNA, tRNA
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The anticodon is
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complementary to the codon on mRNA.
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During protein synthesis, the codon for an amino acid is found on
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mRNA
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The anticodon of -U-A-G- is
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-A-U-C-
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Mutations are the result of
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alterations in the DNA base sequence.
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The result of a defective enzyme caused by a mutation in the DNA nucleotide sequence is
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a genetic disease.
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A set of directions in the DNA base sequence for the synthesis of a protein is a(n)
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structural gene.
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Small living particles, with 3 to 200 genes, that cannot replicate without a host cell are called
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viruses
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A virus that contains RNA as its genetic material is a
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retrovirus
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Protease inhibitors, which are effective anti-HIV drugs,
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prevent synthesis of viral proteins
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The two strands of the double helix of DNA are held together by
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hydrogen bonds
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When a mutation occurs by elimination of one base in a DNA sequence, this mutation is called a
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frame-shift mutation
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Adenine is a purine
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TRUE
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Uracil is a pyrimidine.
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TRUE
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AZT is a drug used in the treatment of cancer
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FALSE
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A retrovirus uses DNA as its genetic material
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FALSE
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A nucleotide consists of only a base and a sugar
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FALSE
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Down syndrome is an acquired disease, not a genetic disease
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FALSE
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Messenger RNA carries protein synthesis information from the nucleus to the ribosomes
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TRUE
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The DNA complement of the sequence -GCCAT- is: -GCCAT-.
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FALSE
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DNA is a protein
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FALSE
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DNA differs from RNA in the sugar it contains
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TRUE
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In the DNA double helix, a purine can only bond with a pyrimidine.
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TRUE
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picks up the specific amino acids for protein synthesis
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tRNA
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synthesized by the DNA to carry the genetic message to the ribosomes
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mRNA
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contains within the nucleus of the cell the information for the synthesis of protein
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DNA
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the nucleic acid that contains the codons for the amino acids of a protein
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mRNA
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the most abundant nucleic acid in the ribosomes
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rRNA
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the nucleic acid that contains a single anticodon for a specific amino acid
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tRNA
