Chem 30 | Organic Chemistry – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Organic Chemistry
answer
Study of carbon based compounds. Does not include oxides, carbonates, cyanided, carbides.
question
Isomers
answer
Same number if atoms (molecular formula) but different arrangement (structure)
question
Hydrocarbon
answer
Organic molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
question
Alkanes
answer
Hydrocarbons containing only carbon-carbon single bonds
question
Saturated
answer
Hydrocarbons with single bonds
question
Alkyl Groups
answer
A branch or side chain consisting of only singly bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms not included in the main chain
question
Cyclic Hydrocarbon
answer
Hydrocarbons with a closed ring
question
Cycloalkanes
answer
All carbon-carbon bonds in a cyclic hydrocarbon are single bonds
question
Alkenes
answer
Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon double bonds
question
Alkynes
answer
Hydrocarbons with carbon-carbon triple bonds
question
Unsaturated
answer
Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds
question
Aromatics
answer
Organic structure that contains benzene or a benzene like structure
question
Carcinogen
answer
Cancer producing substance
question
Properties of Benzene
answer
-molecules are nonpolar -no evidence supports that there are double bonds -very unreactive with hydrogen -all carbon-carbon bonds are the same length -possesses resonance
question
Resonance
answer
A concept used to describe the true structure for certain compounds that cannot be accurately represented using any one type of bonding structure
question
More carbons =
answer
Higher melting and boiling points
question
Reactivity __________ from alkynes and alkanes due to less stability in the triple and double bonds
answer
Decreases
question
Viscosity
answer
Property of a substances' resistance to flow
question
As carbons atoms increase, the substance becomes more _____ and the viscosity _____
answer
Dense, decreases
question
Fractional distillation
answer
Physically separating crude oil using difference in boiling points
question
Solvent Extraction
answer
Solvent added to dissolve and remove impurities
question
Cracking
answer
Breaking large molecules into smaller molecules
question
Hydro cracking
answer
Combo of catalytic and hydrogenation; breaks down large aromatic molecules in bitumen into smaller aromatic and aliphatic molecules
question
Catalyitc Reforming
answer
Converting molecules into aromatic compounds (to increase burning properties ) using catalyts
question
Alkylization (Isomerization)
answer
Increases # of branches
question
Bitumen Upgrading
answer
Converting bitumen into crude oil that can be handled by oil refineries
question
Hydrogenation
answer
Reduces the sulfur content in gasoline by causing reactions of the organic substances in partially upgraded bitumen with hydrogen at high temperature and pressure.
question
Functional Group
answer
A characteristic arrangement of atoms within a molecule that determines the most important chemical and physical properties of a class of compounds
question
Organic Halides
answer
Organic compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms
question
Alcohol
answer
Organic molecule that possesses a hydroxyl functional group (-OH)
question
Primary Alcohols
answer
Carbon atom carrying the -OH group is bonded to one other carbon atom
question
Secondary Alcohols
answer
Carbon atom carrying the -OH group is bonded to two other carbon atoms
question
Teritiary Alcohols
answer
Carbon carrying the -OH group is bonded to three other carbon atoms
question
Polyalcohols
answer
Alcohols that contain more than one hydroxyl group; their names indicate the number and positions of the hudroxyl groups
question
Esters
answer
Organic "salts" fromed from the reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
question
Esterification Reaction
answer
Carboxylic acid combines with an alcohol (ester linkage) forming two products, an ester and a water. Also known as a condensation reaction
question
Complete Combustion
answer
A hydrocarbon (fuel) reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water vapour, (as the only chemical products) and heat
question
Incomplete Combustion
answer
A hydrocarbon (fuel) that reacts with oxygen to produce carbon monoxide, water vapour and heat
question
Addition Reaction (Hydrogenation)
answer
When hydrogen is added to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to reduce the multiple bonds
question
Substitution Reactions
answer
Breaking a carbon-hydrogen bond and replacing the hydrogen atom with another atom or a group of atoms
question
Elimination Reactions
answer
Atoms are removed from an organic molecule and a double bond forms between the two carbon atoms from which the atoms were removed
question
Dehydration
answer
Removal of water from an alcohol
question
Dehydrohalogenation
answer
Removal of hydrogen and halogen atoms of an organic halide
question
Polymerization
answer
A very long molecule made by linking together many smaller molecules called monomers
question
Addition Polymerization
answer
Monomer units join together in a process that involves rearranging of electrons in double or triple bonds in the monomer
question
Condensation polymerization
answer
Monomers are combined through multiple condensation reactions to form a polymer
question
Sucrose
answer
Combination of glucose and fructose
