Chem 3 n 4 – Flashcards
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What is the natural process by which atmospheric gases trap a major portion (80%) of the infrared radiation radiated by the earth?
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Greenhouse Effect
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What is the movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmophere, the sea and the earth?
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Carbon Cycle
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Prior to this key point in eaths atmospheric history large deposits of petroleum and coal were not being used as energy sources?
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Industrial Revolution
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What is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the earth's atmosphere?
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Water vapor
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What are influences on the environment that stem from human activities?
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Anthropogenic
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What are the 3 main Fossil Fuels?
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1. Coal 2. Petroleum 3. Natural Gas
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What is described in grams as the same number or elements found in exactly 12g of carbon?
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Atomic Mass
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What does 1 mole equal?
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6.02x10(23)
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What does 1 mole of CO2 equal in g?
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44g
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What is an estimate of the amount of co2 and other greenhouse gas emissions in a given time frame?
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Carbon Footprint
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What is any action taken to permanetly eliminate or reduce the long-term risk and hazards of climate change to human life, property or the environment?
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Climate Migration
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What involves seperating co2 from other combustion products and storing in a variety of geologic locations?
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Carbon Capture and Storage
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What is the chemical process of burning, the rapid combination of fuel with oxygen to release energy in the form of heat and light?
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Combustion
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What is stored energy or energy of position?
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Potential Energy
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What is called the law of conservation of energy that states energy is neither created nor destroyed?
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First Law of Thermodynamics
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What is a unit of energy equal to .239 calories?
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Joule
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What law states that the entropy of the universe is constantly increasing?
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Second Law of Thermodynamics
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What is a measure of how much energy gets dispersed in a given process?
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Entropy
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What yields more heat per gram coal or wood?
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Coal
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What fossil fuel contains a higher percentage of carbon and a lower percentage of oxygen?
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Coal
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What fossil fuel is the major energy source in the US?
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Petroleum
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What are hydrocarbons with only single bonds between carbon atoms?
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Alkanes
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What is a seperation process in which a solution is heated to its boiling point and the vapors are condensed and collected?
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Distallation
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What is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules present in a substance?
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Temperature
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What is a device used to measure the quantity of heat energy released in a combustion reaction?
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Calorimeter
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What is the quantity of heat energy given off when a specified amount of a substance burns in oxygen?
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Heat of Combustion
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What is any chemical or physical change accompanied by the release of heat?
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Exothermic
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What is the amount of energy that must be asorbed to break a specific chemical bond?
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Bond Energy
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What is it called when atoms within a molecule are rearranged usually starting with linear molecules and producing ones with more branches?
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Catalytic Reforming
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Reactions that happend quickly have low or high activation energy?
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Low
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What is used to break the C-0 Triple bonds and the CO molecules form bonds with the metal surface and then Hydrogen molecules also attach and process is preformed quickly?
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Metal Catalyst
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What are renewable fuels derived from plant matter such as trees, grasses or agricultural crops?
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Biofuels
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What is the ethanol produced from corn stalks, switchgrass, wood chips and other materials that are non editable by humans?
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Cellulosic Ethanol
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When biodiesel is synthesized what is the by product and when 9 pounds of biodiesel are made 1 pound of this is made?
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Glycerol
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What Fossil Fuel burns the cleanest and releases no Sulfur Dioxide?
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Natural Gas
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What is a measure of the average speed of that motion and determines the direction of the heat flow?
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Temperature
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After the coal is burned what is the last thing it goes through before creating electricity?
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Generator
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What must turn in order to create the electricity of steam in a coal plant?
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Turbine
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True or False the higher the temperature of the steam the more efficient the power plant?
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True
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After the Potential energy goes through a burner what type of energy is created?
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Kinetic Energy
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After the Kinetic energy goes through a gas turbine what type of energy is created?
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Mechanical Energy
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Endo or exothermic energy will have products with higher energy?
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Endo
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What fossil fuel must be refined before use?
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Petroleum
