Chem 101 Exam 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| what two items is chemistry concerned with? |
answer
| matter and energy |
question
| example of physical property |
answer
| melting point |
question
| chemical properties |
answer
| changed by interactions with another substance, like rust |
question
| two kinds of pure substances |
answer
| elements and compounds |
question
| compounds |
answer
| more than one element in a compound, molecules |
question
| about how many elements exist on earth? |
answer
| 90 |
question
| most of the atoms in the body are... |
answer
| oxygen |
question
| life is what based? |
answer
| carbon |
question
| how does the periodic table categorize elements? |
answer
| by certain physical chracteristics |
question
| degrees C= (5/9) times (degrees F -32) |
answer
| (5/9) times (degrees F -32) |
question
| density = |
answer
| mass/ volume |
question
| precision |
answer
| measure of reproducibility |
question
| accuracy |
answer
| how close is a measurement to the true value |
question
| Democrates |
answer
| idea of atoms |
question
| Milliken |
answer
| measured the charge on an electron |
question
| Roeutgen |
answer
| Cathode-ray tube |
question
| Becquerel |
answer
| radioactivity |
question
| Rutherford |
answer
| gold foil experiment, angular distribution of particles |
question
| isotopes |
answer
| atoms with the same number of protons |
question
| isotones |
answer
| atoms with equal number of neutrons |
question
| isobars |
answer
| atoms that have the same weight (number of protons + number of neutrons) |
question
| (X) ^=A, =N |
answer
| A = mass number, Z = protons, N = neutrons |
question
| arrangement based on number of protons in nucleus |
answer
| periodic table |
question
| columns in the periodic table |
answer
| have similar properties |
question
| diatomic molecule example |
answer
| H2 |
question
| triatomic molecule examples |
answer
| H2O or HCN |
question
| simplest formula |
answer
| empirical formula, smallest whole number ratios of atoms in a molecule |
question
| molecular formula |
answer
| shows the actual number of atoms in the compound |
question
| structural formulas |
answer
| shows the arrangement and connections of atoms in a molecule |
question
| ions |
answer
| atoms that have fewer or more electrons present than protons |
question
| stoiciometry |
answer
| quantitative relationships in Chemistry |
question
| law of conservation of mass (energy) |
answer
| atoms are neither created or destroyed in any chemical process |
question
| atomic weight |
answer
| a relative mass scale that relates one kind of atom to that of a specific kind of atom (Carbon 12) |
question
| 1 mole |
answer
| is the amount of substance that contains avogadros number entities |
question
| avogadros number |
answer
| 6.022 times 10 ^23 |
question
| way to figure out molecular formula from elemental percentages |
answer
| element, relative mass of element (out of 100g), relative number of atoms, divide by smallest number, convert to whole #... to find molecular formula MW/FW |
question
| percent yield |
answer
| actual yield/ theoretical yield |
question
| solution |
answer
| homogeneous mixture at the molecular level between 2 or more substances |
question
| solute |
answer
| minor component that is dissolved in the other component |
question
| solvent |
answer
| major component that something dissolves in |
question
| molarity |
answer
| number of moles solute/ number of liters solution |
question
| volume 1 times molarity 1= |
answer
| volume 2 times molarity 2 |
question
| electrical conduction |
answer
| movement of ions in aqueous solution -> the strength of conduction is proportional to the tendency of the solute to ionize |
question
| dissociation |
answer
| process by which a solid ionic compound separates into ions in a solution |
question
| ionization |
answer
| process by which a molecular compound separates into ions in a solution |
question
| anions |
answer
| negatively charged ion |
question
| cations |
answer
| ions that have a positive charge |
question
| types of strong electrolytes |
answer
| strong acids, strong bases, salts |
question
| strong acids |
answer
| completely ionize in dilute solutions |
question
| Strong acids |
answer
| HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, HClO3, H2SO4 |
question
| are strong bases soluble? |
answer
| yes |
question
| strong bases...OH and |
answer
| first column, not hydrogen and second row Ca(OH)2, Sa(OH)2, and Ba(OH)2 |
question
| how many salts are there? |
answer
| LOTS |
question
| acid |
answer
| substance that produces H+ in aqueous solutions |
question
| salt |
answer
| compound that contains a cation other than H+ and an anion other than OH- or O2- |
question
| base |
answer
| substance that produces OH- in aqueous solutions |
question
| most salts are |
answer
| strong electrolytes |
question
| total ionic equation |
answer
| shows the predominate form of all species of in aqueous solution |
question
| net ionic equation |
answer
| cancel spectator ions from total ionic equation |
question
| combustion reactants |
answer
| A+B -> C, two reactants are going to produce one product |
question
| decomposition reaction |
answer
| C-> A + B, |
question
| metathesis reactions |
answer
| ionic reactions which involve the removal of ions from the solution AX + BY -> AY + BX |
question
| three types of metathesis reactions |
answer
| precipitation, produce soluble/ weak/ or non-electrolyte (neutralization reaction), gas formation (acid-base reactions) |
question
| displacement reactions |
answer
| only metals considered. one element replaces another in a compound |
question
| displacement reactions equations |
answer
| (more active metal) + (salt of less active metal) -> (less active metal) + (salt of more active metal) AND (active metal) + (non-oxidizing acid) -> H2(g) + (salt of the acid) |
question
| redox reactions |
answer
| reactions involving either oxidation or reduction |
question
| oxidation |
answer
| redox reaction with a loss of electrons |
question
| reduction |
answer
| redox reaction with a gain of electrons |
question
| oxidation numbers |
answer
| book-keeping chore to keep track of e transfer in chemical reactions |
question
| oxidation numbers |
answer
| +1(electron), +2 -> (B) +3, +/-4, -3, -2, -1(electron) (F) |
question
| sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a compound = |
answer
| charge on the compound or ion |
question
| what changes in redox reactions? |
answer
| oxidation numbers |
question
| how to use table 4.5 |
answer
| metal found higher in the table will displace the metal ion from the salt of another metal found lower in the table |
question
| solution stoiciometry |
answer
| chemical equations relate the mols of product sand reactants regardless of whether they are in solution or not |
question
| titration |
answer
| method which is used to assay the concentration solutions |
question
| soluble compounds |
answer
| compounds containing NO3-, CH3COO-, Cl-, Br-, I-, SO4^2- |
question
| most easily oxidized... |
answer
| use table in book |
question
| the gold foil experiment performed in Rutherford's laboratory... |
answer
| lead to the discovery of the atomic nucleus |
question
| how many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an ion? |
answer
| protons on periodic table, neutrons are atomic weight minus number of protons, electrons are number of protons minus the charge |
