Chapters 7, 8 Part III – Flashcards
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There are _____ million alcoholics in the U.S.
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12.5
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Approximately ____ percent of high school seniors get drunk annually.
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50
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Alcohol has been tried by ____ percent of 8th graders.
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38.9
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Alcohol has been tried by ____ percent of 10th graders.
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58.3
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Alcohol has been tried by ____ percent of 12th graders.
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78.9
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Alcohol has been tried by ____ percent of college students.
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83.5
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Alcohol is officially linked to ______ of all highway fatalities.
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half
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More than 2% of night time drivers have a blood alcohol that exceeds ________ amounts (0.08%).
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legal
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Nearly ____ percent of all Americans will be involved in an alcohol related traffic accident sometime in their lives.
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50
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There are ____________ deaths associated with alcohol each year.
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100,000
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Alcohol causes severe _____________. (addiction)
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dependence
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Alcohol ____________ family, social, and professional relationships.
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disrupts
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It costs ______ billion dollars a year for social and health problems.
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176
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Alcohol abuse causes ______ percent of all economic costs in the U.S. due to lost ________________. (pie chart on handout)
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47.5, productivity
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A __________ is a person that drinks no alcoholic beverages whatsoever.
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teetotaler
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A __________ _________ is a person that has had at least one drink in the past 30 days; can include binge and heavy use.
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current drinker
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A ________ ________ has five or more drinks on one occasion at least once in the past 30 days; can include heavy use.
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binge user
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A _________ ________ has had five or more drinks on the same occasion at least five times in the last 30 days.
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heavy user
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_________ people have the greatest percentage of alcohol use in the past month compared to other nationalities. (bar graph on handout)
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White
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_________ people have the least percentage of alcohol use in the past month compared to other nationalities. (bar graph on handout)
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Asians
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People ages _______ have the greatest percentage of alcohol use in the past month compared to other age groups. (bar graph on handout)
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21-25
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People ______ likely to drink are: Higher income. College graduates. Younger than 65. Do not attend church. Do not live in the South. Identify themselves as liberals.
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most
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The estimated spending for healthcare services for alcohol problems and medical consequences of alcohol is ______ billion.
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18.8
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An estimated ____ billion was lost in potential productivity due to alcohol and other drug use.
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82
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_____________ is the state of physical and psychological addiction to a psychoactive substance known as ethanol.
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Alcoholism
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The major known _____________ of alcoholism are: Craving Very impaired or loss of control Physical dependence Tolerance
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components
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___________ is an overwhelming compulsion to drink even when not feasible. (at work, driving a car, mowing lawn)
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Craving
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Very ________ or loss of ________ is an inability to limit drinking once started.
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impaired, control
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___________ dependence is the presence of withdrawal symptoms when attempting to abstain from usage.
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Physical
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_____________ is an escalating increase in usage to achieve the desired effect. (maintain buzz)
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Tolerance
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The 6 types of ____________ are: Alpha Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Zeta
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alcoholics
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An ________ type alcoholic has psychological dependence; inability to cope with life; constantly needs alcohol, may become irritable or anxious when it is not available.
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Alpha
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A ______ type alcoholic has social dependence; typically heavy beer drinker; still responsible in social and financial matters; some nutritional and organ damage may occur.
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Beta
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A _________ type alcoholic is the most severe form; psychological and physical dependence; total loss of control over alcohol use.
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Gamma
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A ________ type alcoholic is a maintenance drinker; most of the time being tipsy but never inebriated.
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Delta
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An _________ type alcoholic is a binge drinker; psychological and physical dependence; drinks excessively for days or weeks, but then abstains completely from alcohol until the next binge period; loss of control over the consumed amount.
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Epsilon
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A _______ type alcoholic is a pathological, bad or mad drinker; moderate drinker who may not be addicted, but becomes abusive and violent under the influence of alcohol.
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Zeta
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A _____ is an individual's expectation of what a drug will do to his/her personality.
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Set
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A __________ is the physical and social environment where most drugs, including alcohol, are consumed.
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setting
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Some psychologists contend that both ____ and ________ can often overshadow the pharmacological effects of most drugs, including alcohol.
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set, setting
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Drunken _____________ is behavior exhibited while under the direct influence of alcohol determined by the norms and expectations of a particular culture.
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comportment
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_____________________ is acting drunk before alcohol can produce any effect. (belief in enough to produce effect)
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Pseudointoxication
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__________ students consume an average of 5.4 alcoholic drinks per week.
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College
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_____ percent of college students drink, 42-55% binge drink.
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72
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_____ percent of college students reported binge drinking three times in two weeks.
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15
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______ percent of college students under the age of 21 had memory loss, as apposed to 20.1% over age 21.
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30.3
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Consumption by college students causes approximately __________ deaths per year.
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2000
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Alcohol is a factor in _____ percent of all academic problems and 28% of all dropouts.
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40
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________ binge drink more than females.
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Males
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_____ percent of male students and _____ percent of female students involved in acquaintance rape had been drinking or using drugs.
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75, 55
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Transition to college ___________ the percentage of drinkers for both genders.
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doubles
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Males at ___________ college institutions consume far more than those at larger institutions.
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Smaller
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Being __________, involved in ____________ or a ___________ of a fraternity or sorority made it more likely that a student would be a binge drinker.
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White, athletics, resident
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Women 21 to 34 years of age were ______ likely to report alcohol related problems if they had ________ marriages and were working full time.
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least, stable
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With women between 35 and 49, the __________ drinkers were divorced or separated without children.
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heaviest
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Between 50 to 64 years of age, the heaviest drinkers were women whose __________/__________ were heavy drinkers.
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husbands, partners
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Women aged 65 and older comprised less than _____ percent of drinkers with drinking problems due to health problems and medication, and people that drink heavily may not make it to age 65.
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10
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______________ or co-alcoholism is a relationship pattern in which addicted or non-addicted family members identify with the alcohol addict and deny the existence of alcohol consumption as a problem.
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Codependency
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__________ are people close to the alcohol addict who deny or make excuses to enable the excessive drinking.
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Enablers
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Codependency and enabling generally occur ____________.
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together
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American ___________ and __________ natives have the highest heavy use compared to other nationalities.
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Indian, Alaska
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________________ of the costs of alcohol abuse.
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Distribution
