question

-ac, -iac, -al, -ar, -ary, -eal, -iac, -ic, -ical, -ior, -ous

answer

pertaining to

question

-algia

answer

pain

question

-blast

answer

embryonic, immature

question

-blast

answer

embryonic, immature

question

-cele

answer

hernia

question

-centesis

answer

surgical puncture to remove fluid

question

-coccus (plural -cocci)

answer

berry-shaped bacterium (plural: bacteria)

question

-crine

answer

to secrete (suffix)

question

-cyesis

answer

pregnancy

question

-cyte

answer

cell

question

-drome

answer

to run (suffix)

question

-dynia

answer

pain

question

-ectomy

answer

excision, removal, resection

question

-emia

answer

blood condition

question

-er

answer

one who (suffix)

question

-fusion

answer

coming together; to pour

question

-gen

answer

substance that produces

question

-genesis

answer

condition of producing, forming

question

-genic

answer

pertaining to producing, produced by, or produced in

question

-globin

answer

protein (suffix)

question

-gram

answer

record

question

-graph

answer

instrument for recording

question

-graphy

answer

process of recording

question

-ia

answer

condition

question

-ion

answer

process

question

-ism

answer

process, condition

question

-ist

answer

specialist (suffix)

question

-itis

answer

inflammation

question

-lapse

answer

to slide, fall, sag

question

-logy

answer

process of study

question

-lysis

answer

breakdown, destruction, separation

question

-malacia

answer

softening

question

-megaly

answer

enlargement

question

-meter

answer

to measure

question

-mission

answer

to send

question

-oid

answer

resembling

question

-ole

answer

little, small (suffix)

question

-oma

answer

tumor, mass, collection of fluid

question

-opsy

answer

process of viewing

question

-or

answer

one who

question

-ose

answer

pertaining to, full of

question

-osis

answer

condition, usually abnormal (slight increase in numbers when used with blood cells)

question

-partum

answer

birth, labor

question

-pathy

answer

disease condition

question

-penia

answer

deficiency (suffix)

question

-phobia

answer

fear

question

-phoria

answer

to bear, carry; feeling (mental state)

question

-physis

answer

to grow

question

-plasia

answer

development, formation, growth

question

-plasm

answer

structure or formation (suffix)

question

-plasty

answer

surgical repair

question

-pnea

answer

breathing

question

-ptosis

answer

falling, dropping, prolapse (suffix)

question

-rrhea

answer

flow, discharge

question

-sclerosis

answer

hardening

question

-scope

answer

instrument for visual examination

question

-scopy

answer

process of visual examination (with an scope)

question

-sis

answer

state of; condition

question

-somes

answer

bodies

question

-stasis

answer

stopping, controlling

question

-stasis

answer

stopping, controlling

question

-stomy

answer

opening to form a mouth (stoma) (suffix)

question

-therapy

answer

treatment

question

-tic

answer

pertaining to

question

-tomy

answer

process of cutting, incision (suffix)

question

-trophy

answer

development, nourishment

question

-type

answer

picture, classification

question

-ule

answer

little, small (suffix)

question

-um, -ium

answer

structure, tissue (2 suffix)

question

-us

answer

structure, substance

question

-y

answer

condition, process

question

-y

answer

process, condition

question

a-, an-

answer

no, not, without

question

ab-

answer

away from (prefix)

question

abdomin/o

answer

abdomen

question

abdomin/o

answer

abdomen

question

abdominal cavity

answer

space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; aka abdomen

question

abscess

answer

a collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein that is present at the site of infection

question

achondroplasia

answer

an inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone

question

acr/o

answer

extremities,top,extreme (root)

question

acromegaly

answer

an endocrine disorder that occurs when the pituitary gland produces an excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty.

question

ad-

answer

toward

question

aden/o

answer

gland

question

adenoids

answer

small masses of lymphatic tissue in the part of the pharynx near the nose and nasal passages.

question

adip/o

answer

fat

question

adipose tissue

answer

collection of fat cells

question

adrenal glands

answer

endocrine glands located above each kidney . They secrete chemicals that effect the bodys functioning.

question

agranulocytes (mononuclear leukocytes)

answer

have one large nucleus and only a few granules in their cytoplasm. Produced in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen.

question

amni/o

answer

amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)

question

amniocentesis

answer

the withdrawal of fluid that accumulates in the amnion

question

amnion

answer

the sac that surrounds the embryo in the uterus

question

ana-

answer

up, apart

question

anabolism

answer

process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials

question

anemia

answer

"no blood", a condition of reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood.

question

angi/o

answer

vessel

question

ante-

answer

before, forward

question

anter/o

answer

front (root)

question

anterior (ventral)

answer

front surface of the body

question

anti-

answer

against

question

antibodies

answer

protein substances made by white blood cells in response to the presence of foreign antigens

question

antigen

answer

a foreign substance that stimulates the production of antibodies

question

aplastic anemia

answer

a severe type of anemia that occurs when bone marrow fails to produce not only erythrocytes but leukocytes and thrombocytes as well

question

arteri/o

answer

artery

question

arthr/o

answer

joint

question

aut-, auto-

answer

self, own (2 prefix)

question

autoimmune disease

answer

the body makes antibodies against its own good cells and tissues, causing inflammation and injury

question

axill/o

answer

armpit (root)

question

basophils

answer

granulocytes that stains blue with basic stain. Their function is not clear but the number of these cells increases in the healing phase of inflammation

question

bi-

answer

two

question

bi/o

answer

life

question

bilirubin

answer

a chemical pigment

question

blephar/o

answer

eyelid

question

bol/o

answer

to cast (throw)

question

brady-

answer

slow

question

bronch/o

answer

bronchial tubes (two tubes, one right and one left, that branch from the trachea to enter the lungs)

question

capillaries

answer

the tiniest of blood vessels

question

carcin/o

answer

cancerous, cancer

question

cardi/o

answer

heart

question

carp/o

answer

wrist bones (root)

question

cartilage

answer

flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.

question

cata-

answer

break down (prefix)

question

catabolism

answer

process of breaking down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy

question

cell membrane

answer

structure surrounding and protecting the cell. Determines what enters and leaves the cell

question

cephal/o

answer

head

question

cerebr/o

answer

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

question

cervic/o

answer

neck (of the body or of the uterus) (root)

question

cervical

answer

neck region (C1 to C7)

question

chem/o

answer

drug, chemical

question

chondr/o

answer

cartilage (type of connective tissue)

question

chrom/o

answer

color

question

chromosomes

answer

rod-shaped structures in the nucleus that contain regions of DNA called genes

question

chron/o

answer

cartilage

question

chron/o

answer

time

question

cib/o

answer

meals

question

cis/o

answer

to cut

question

coccyg/o

answer

coccyx (tailbone)

question

coccygeal

answer

region of the coccyx (tailbone)

question

col/o

answer

colon (large intestine)

question

con-

answer

with, together

question

congenital anomalies

answer

an irregularity in a structure or organ such as webbed fingers or toes and heart defects

question

contra-

answer

against, opposite

question

contralateral

answer

opposite side

question

cost/o

answer

rib

question

crani/o

answer

skull

question

cranial cavity

answer

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull; cranial- pertaining to the skull

question

crin/o

answer

to secrete (to form and give off) (root)

question

cutane/o

answer

skin (root)

question

cyst/o

answer

urinary bladder; a sac or a cyst (sac containing fluid)

question

cystocele

answer

occurs when part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall as a result of weakness of the pelvic muscles

question

cyt/o

answer

cell

question

cytoplasm

answer

all the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

question

dactyl/o

answer

fingers, toes

question

de-

answer

down, lack of (prefix)

question

deep

answer

away from the surface

question

derm/o

answer

skin

question

dermat/o

answer

skin (root)

question

dia-

answer

through, complete

question

diaphragm

answer

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.

question

diplococci

answer

berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs

question

disk (disc)

answer

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

question

dist/o

answer

far, distant (root)

question

distal

answer

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

question

DNA

answer

chemical found within each chromosome. Directs the activities of the cell

question

dors/o

answer

back portion of the body (root)

question

dorsal (posterior)

answer

pertaining to the back

question

duct/o

answer

to lead, carry

question

dys-

answer

bad, painful, difficult, abnormal

question

ec-, ecto-

answer

out, outside (2 suffixes)

question

echocardiograms

answer

ultrasound images of the heart

question

ectopic pregnancy

answer

a pregnancy where the zygote develops outside the uterus, usually within the fallopian tube

question

electr/o

answer

electricity

question

en-, endo-

answer

in, within (2 prefixes)

question

encephal/o

answer

brain

question

end-, endo-

answer

within (2 prefix)

question

Endoplasmic Reticulum

answer

Structure (canals) within the cytoplasm. Site in which large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces.

question

enter/o

answer

intestines (usually the small intestine)

question

eosinophils

answer

granulocyte that stains red with acidic stain. They are active and increased in number in allergic conditions such as asthma.

question

epi-

answer

above, upon

question

epi-

answer

upon, on, above (prefix)

question

epigastric

answer

middle upper region above the stomach

question

epithelial cells

answer

skin cells that cover the external body surface and line the internal surfaces of organs

question

erythr/o

answer

red

question

erythrocytes

answer

red blood cells which are made in the bone marrow and carry oxygen from the lungs through the blood to all body cells. Body cells use oxygen to burn food and release energy.

question

eu-

answer

good, normal

question

ex-, exo-

answer

out, outside of, outward (2 prefix)

question

fetal alcohol syndrome

answer

affects infants whose mothers consumed excessive amounts of alcohol during pregnancy; characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency

question

flex/o

answer

to bend

question

frontal (coronal) plane

answer

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

question

furc/o

answer

forking, branching

question

gastr/o

answer

stomach

question

genes

answer

regions of DNA within each chromosome

question

gloss/o

answer

tongue

question

glyc/o

answer

sugar

question

gnos/o

answer

knowledge

question

gonococci

answer

diplococci that invades the reproductive organs causing gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease

question

granulocytes

answer

polymorphonuclear cells formed in the bone marrow, contain dark-staining granules in their cytoplasm and have a multilobed nucleus.

question

Graves disease

answer

autoimmune disease that causes hyperthyroidism

question

gynec/o

answer

woman, female

question

hem/o

answer

blood

question

hem/o

answer

blood (root)

question

hemat/o

answer

blood (root)

question

hemi-

answer

half

question

hemoglobin

answer

an important protein in erythrocytes that carries the oxygen through the bloodstream

question

hepat/o

answer

liver

question

hepat/o

answer

liver

question

hernia

answer

a protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it

question

hiatal hernia

answer

occurs when the stomach protrudes upward into the mediastinum though the esophageal opening in the diaphragm

question

hist/o

answer

tissue

question

histologist

answer

specialist in the study of tissues

question

hydr/o

answer

water, fluid

question

hyper-

answer

excessive, above, more than normal

question

hypo-

answer

deficient, below, under, less than normal

question

hypochondriac

answer

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

question

hypogastric

answer

middle lower region below the umbilical region

question

iatr/o

answer

treatment, physician

question

ili/o

answer

ilium (part of the pelvic bone)

question

immun/o

answer

protection

question

immune response

answer

the reaction between an antigen and antibody

question

in-

answer

into, within, not (1 prefix)

question

inferior (caudal)

answer

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

question

infra-

answer

beneath, under

question

inguin/o

answer

groin

question

inguinal

answer

right and left lower regions near the groin. Aka iliac regions

question

inguinal hernia

answer

occurs when part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region and commonly into the scrotal sac in the male

question

inter-

answer

between

question

intra-

answer

in, within, into

question

ipsilateral

answer

same side

question

isch/o

answer

to hold back

question

ischemia

answer

"to hold back blood from a part of the body"

question

jaundice

answer

yellow skin pigmentation

question

kary/o

answer

nucleus (root...k)

question

karyotype

answer

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. The chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

question

lapar/o

answer

abdomen,abdominal wall

question

laparoscopy (peritoneoscopy)

answer

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a laparoscope

question

laryng/o

answer

larynx (voice box)

question

larynx

answer

voice box, located at the upper part of the trachea

question

later/o

answer

side (root)

question

lateral

answer

pertaining to the side

question

leuk/o

answer

white

question

LLQ

answer

left lower quadrant

question

log/o

answer

study of

question

lumb/o

answer

lower back (side and back between the ribs and the pelvis) (root)

question

lumbar

answer

right and left middle regions near the waist, loin (waist) region (L1-L5)

question

LUQ

answer

left upper quadrant

question

lymph/o

answer

lymph, a clear fluid that bathes tissue spaces, is contained in special lymph vessels and node throughout the body

question

lymphocytes

answer

lymph cells, agranulocytes that fight disease by producing antibodies, thereby destroying foreign cells.

question

macro-

answer

large

question

macrophage

answer

large phagocytes that are formed from monocytes when they leave the bloodstream and enter tissues

question

mal-

answer

bad

question

mamm/o

answer

breast

question

marfan syndrome

answer

an inherited connective tissue disorder marked by a tall, thin body type with long, "spidery" fingers and toes, elongated head, and heart, blood vessel, and opthalmic abnormalities

question

mast/o

answer

breast

question

medi/o

answer

middle (root)

question

medial

answer

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

question

mediastinum

answer

centrally located space between the lungs

question

meta-

answer

beyond, change (prefix)

question

metabolism

answer

the total of the chemical processes in a cell.

question

micro-

answer

small

question

mitochondria

answer

structures in the cytoplasm in which energy is synthesized

question

monocytes

answer

agranulocytes that engulf and destroy cellular debris after neutrophils have attacked foreign cells.

question

morph/o

answer

shape, form (root)

question

mort/o

answer

death

question

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

answer

affects the skin, causing "boils" an abscesses

question

muc/o

answer

mucus

question

my/o

answer

muscle

question

myel/o

answer

spinal cord, bone marrow

question

nat/i

answer

birth

question

necr/o

answer

death (of cells or whole body)

question

nect/o

answer

to bind, tie, connect

question

neo-

answer

new

question

nephr/o

answer

kidney

question

neur/o

answer

nerve

question

neutr/o

answer

neutrophil (a white blood cell) (root)

question

neutrophils

answer

granulocyte that stains a pale purple with neutral stain.They are phagocytes and are the most numerous disease-fighting soldiers referred to as polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

question

norm/o

answer

rule, order

question

nucle/o

answer

nucleus (root)

question

nucleus

answer

control center of the cell. It contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell

question

omphalocele

answer

a herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel occurring in infants at birth

question

onc/o

answer

tumor

question

ophthalm/o

answer

eye

question

oste/o

answer

bone

question

oste/o

answer

bone

question

ot/o

answer

ear

question

ox/o

answer

oxygen

question

pan-

answer

all

question

para-

answer

abnormal, beside, near (prefix)

question

parasitism

answer

occurs when one organism benefits and the other does not

question

path/o

answer

disease

question

ped/o

answer

child

question

pelv/i

answer

pelvis, hip region (root)

question

pelvic cavity

answer

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

question

per-

answer

through

question

peri-

answer

surrounding, around

question

peritone/o

answer

peritoneum

question

peritoneum

answer

double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs

question

phag/o

answer

to eat, swallow

question

phagocytes

answer

engulf and digest bacteria

question

pharynx

answer

Throat, serves as the common passageway for food and air

question

phleb/o

answer

vein

question

pituitary gland

answer

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

question

plas/o

answer

formation, development

question

pleur/o

answer

pleura (membrane surrounding lungs and adjacent to chest wall)

question

pleura

answer

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

question

pleural cavity

answer

space between pleural cavity

question

pneumococci

answer

diplococci that causes bacterial pneumonia

question

pneumon/o

answer

lungs

question

poly-

answer

many, much

question

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

answer

a method of producing multiple copies of a single gene, which is an important tool in recombinant DNA technology

question

post-

answer

after, behind

question

poster/o

answer

back, behind (root)

question

posterior ( dorsal)

answer

back surface of the body

question

pre-

answer

before, in front of

question

pro-

answer

before, forward

question

prolapses

answer

an organ or tissue slides forward or downward

question

prone

answer

lying on the belly (face down, palms down)

question

proxim/o

answer

nearest (root)

question

proximal

answer

near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

question

pseudo-

answer

false

question

psych/o

answer

mind

question

pub/o

answer

pubis (pubic bone); anterior portion of the pelvic or hipbone

question

pubic symphysis

answer

the area in which the pubic bones of the pelvis have grown together

question

pulmon/o

answer

lungs

question

radi/o

answer

x-rays

question

re-

answer

back, backward, again

question

Recombinant DNA technology

answer

the process of taking a gene from on organism and inserting it into the DNA of another organism

question

rect/o

answer

rectum

question

rectocele

answer

the protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina

question

ren/o

answer

kidney

question

retro-

answer

behind, backward

question

Reye syndrome

answer

characterized by vomiting, swelling of the brain, increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and dysfunction of the liver

question

rheumatoid arthritis

answer

autoimmune disease that affects joints

question

rhin/o

answer

nose

question

RLQ

answer

right lower quadrant

question

RUQ

answer

right upper quadrant

question

sacr/o

answer

sacrum

question

sacral

answer

region of the sacrum (S1 to S5)

question

sagittal (lateral) plane

answer

lengthwise, vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides

question

sarc/o

answer

flesh

question

sect/o

answer

to cut

question

seps/o

answer

infection

question

somn/o

answer

sleep

question

son/o

answer

sound

question

sonogram

answer

ultrasound images of a fetus

question

spin/o

answer

spine, backbone (root)

question

spinal cavity

answer

space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord; aka spinal canal

question

spinal column

answer

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

question

spinal cord

answer

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

question

splen/o

answer

spleen

question

splenomegaly

answer

occurs with development of high blood pressure in hepatic veins and hemolytic blood diseases

question

staphyl/o

answer

clusters

question

staphylococci

answer

berry-shaped bacteria that grows in small clusters, like grapes

question

strept/o

answer

twisted chains

question

streptococcus

answer

a berry-shaped bacterium that grows in twisted chains

question

sub-

answer

below, under

question

superficial

answer

on the surface

question

superior (cephalic)

answer

above another structure; pertaining to the head

question

supine

answer

lying on the back (face up, palms up)

question

supra-

answer

above, upper

question

symphysis

answer

a joint in which the bony surfaces are firmly united by a layer of fibrocartilage

question

syn-, sym-

answer

together, with

question

syndactyly

answer

a congenital anomaly marked by fusion of fingers or toes

question

syndrome

answer

a group of signs or symptoms that appear together to produce a typical clinical picture of a disease of inherited abnormality

question

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

answer

autoimmune disease that affects connective tissue, skin, and internal organs

question

tachy-

answer

fast

question

the/o

answer

to put, place

question

thel/o

answer

nipple

question

thorac/o

answer

chest

question

thoracic

answer

chest region (T1 to T12)

question

thoracic cavity

answer

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

question

thromb/o

answer

clot, clotting

question

thrombocytes (platelets)

answer

type of blood cell, tiny fragments of cells formed in the bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting

question

thyr/o

answer

thyroid gland; shield (the shape of the thyroid gland resembled [-oid] a shield to those who named it)

question

thyroid gland

answer

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

question

tonsil/o

answer

tonsils

question

tonsillitis

answer

inflammation and infection of the tonsils

question

top/o

answer

place, position, location

question

tox/o

answer

poison

question

trache/o

answer

trachea (windpipe)

question

trachea

answer

windpipe

question

tracheostomy

answer

an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted. The tube allows air to flow into the lungs or to help remove secretions from the bronchial tubes.

question

tracheotomy

answer

an incision into the trachea to open it below a blockage. May be performed to remove a foreign body or to obtain a biopsy specimen.

question

trans-

answer

across through (prefix)

question

transurethral resection of the prostate gland

answer

a portion of the prostate gland is removed with an instrument passed through the urethra

question

transverse (cross-sectional or axial) plane

answer

horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

question

ultra-

answer

beyond, excess

question

ultrasonography

answer

a diagnostic technique using ultrasound waves to produce an image or photograph of an organ or tissue

question

umbilic/o

answer

navel, umbilicus

question

umbilical

answer

central region near the navel

question

uni-

answer

one

question

ur/o

answer

urinary tract, urine

question

ureter

answer

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

question

urethr/o

answer

urethra

question

urethra

answer

tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

question

uterus

answer

the womb, the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

question

vaccine

answer

dead or weakened antigens that stimulate white blood cells to make antibodies

question

ven/o

answer

vein

question

ventr/o

answer

belly side of the body (root)

question

ventral (anterior)

answer

pertaining to the front

question

venules

answer

small veins

question

vertebr/o

answer

vertebra(e), backbone(s)

question

vertebra

answer

single backbone

question

vertebrae

answer

backbones

question

viscer/o

answer

internal organs

question

viscera

answer

internal organs

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