Chapters 1-4 Flashcards

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question
by the time the Europeans arrived in the Western Hemisphere in the 1490s, most Native Americans lived in and along which of the following regions?
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Mesoamerica
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Which of the following describes the first ancestors of the Native American peoples?
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migrants who came over land from northeaster Asia
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Which of the following describes the first peoples who migrated to the Americas?
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hunter-gatherers
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What was the foundation for the prosperous Native American societies in Mexico, Peru, and the Mississippi River Valley?
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dense populations; productive agriculture; aggressive bureaucratic state
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Which of the following statements describes the Mayan peoples?
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they devised a calendar system that predicted solar and lunar eclipses accurately
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The Aztecs liver in which of the following present-day locals?
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Mexico
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The Hohokams, Mogollon, and Anasazi peoples who lived in present-day Arizona and New Mexico around A.D. 1000 are all...
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Pueblo people
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Which of the following was a characteristic of both the Mississippian and Pueblo peoples?
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used Maize agriculture
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Which of the Pueblo peoples built hundreds of miles of straight roads across the desert in the American Southwest to facilitate trade?
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Anasazis
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The Native American settlement known as Cahokia was a...
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center for Mississippian culture and had smaller satellite communities
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Which of the following statements describes Native American peoples east of the Mississippi River?
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they had no single style of political organization
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Which of the following was a characteristic of the Aztec, Mayan, and the Iroquois civilizations?
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reliance on agriculture
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which of the following describes trading relationships among Native Americans in the period before European contact?
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there was expansive trading networks that spanned great distances
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Which of the following describes family life among Native Americans?
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they lives in small kingdoms, duchies, and republics
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Which of the following features characterized most Native North Americans' spiritual views and practices?
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animism
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which of the following statements describes the status of European monarchs in 1450?
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authority of monarchs was often challenged by local nobles
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The social order in Europe around 1450 can be described as
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hierarchical and authoritarian
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which or the following characteristics did traditional European, Mayan, and Aztec civilizations of the fifteenth century hold in common?
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each was a hierarchical society in which authority named from above
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Typically, when an English woman of the fifteenth century married, she...
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owned property jointly with her husband
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Which of the following is the name of European practice wherein the eldest son inherited nearly all of his father's estate?
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promogentive
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In 1450, the majority of European men where which of the following?
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peasants
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On the eve of European colonization of the Americans, most Western Europeans lived in...
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small, relatively isolated rural communities
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The European Renaissance began in 1300 in which of the following countries?
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Italy
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Which of the following Renaissance-era ideologies celebrated public virtue and service to the state?
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civic humanism
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Which European nation was the first to involve itself in exploration of the Atlantic as a route to Asia and the African slave trade?
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Portugal
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Merchants from which of the following countries made inroads in the Arab-dominated trade routes of the Mediterranean in the twelfth century?
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Italy
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The rise of commerce in most of Europe in the fifteenth century shifted the balance of power by favoring which of the following groups?
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monarchs
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Which Europeans were represented by guilds in the fifteenth century?
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artisans
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As it gained power in Europe, Roman and medieval Catholicism contended with pre-Christian festivals and agricultural cycle by
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Integrating them into biblical teachings and Christian holy days
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Why were the crusades, which took place between 1096 and 1291 A.D., significant in Europe?
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the expeditions exposed Europeans to Arab trade, goods, and their classical heritage
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Which of the following was a result of the Crusades, which took place between 1096 and 1291 A.D.?
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western European merchants gained awareness of Asian trade routes
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The first phase of the Reformation in the 1500s had its greatest success in which of the following countries?
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Germany
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Martin Luther advocated which of the following ideas?
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the catholic church was corrupt and needed a reform
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John Calvin and Calvinist theologians of the 1500s stressed which of the following ideas?
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the doctrine of predestination
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In West Africa, the Ghana Empire (800 A.D. to 1200 A.D.), the Mali Empire (1200s to the 1400s), and the fifteenth-century Songhai Empire shared which of the following characteristics?
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Use of gold as cornerstone of their power
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Most of the people living in West Africa when European trade Began in the early fifteenth century were
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animists
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Which of the following factors prevented Europeans from seeking to conquer territory in Africa in the 15th century?
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coastal kingdoms were too well defended
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which of the following statements describes a Portuguese connection to African slavery in the 1400s
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Portuguese traders ousted Arab merchants as the prime African slave merchants
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Why was the 15th century marriage of Queen Isabel and King Ferdinand of Spain significant?
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together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims
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On October 12, 1492 Columbus, his men, and ships reached...
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an island in the Bahamas
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why Christopher Columbus faded from public view by the time he died in 1506
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he failed to find great treasures or kingdoms
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which of the following factors eased the Spaniards conquest of the Aztecs in the 16th century?
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The internal fighting among workers over succession to the empire's thrown
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which of the following motivations drove the Spanish conquistadors who followed Columbus to the Americas in the early 16th century?
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their thirst for battle and riches as well as land in the conquered territory and titles of nobility
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which of the following statements describes the impact of the Columbian exchange?
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it transported livestock, crops, and diseases among Africa, Europe, Asia, and the Americas
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why did the number of Indians living in Mesoamerica decline from about 30 million in the 15th century to proximately 3 million by 1560?
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disease carried by europeans decimated most Indian tribes who came into contact with them
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which of the following explores is correctly matched with his area of exploration ?
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Cortés- conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico
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why were modern day country of Mexico and Peru originally Spain's most significant conquests?
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The Inca, Aztecs and Mayans had great wealth, particularly gold.
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which of the following statements characterizes the legacy of the Spanish conquest in the New World in the 16th century?
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The Spanish government and missionaries waged a campaign to suppress indigenous cultures
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during most of the 16th century, which of the following was the wealthiest nation in Europe?
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Spain
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how did the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizzaro conquer the Incans by 1535?
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The Incan had already a weekended military and divided because of rival claimants to the throne
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in the 16th century, the Spanish crown granted ecomiendas to which of the following groups?
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Indians who converted to Catholicism
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The encomienas granted by the Spanish crown in the 16th century consisted of...
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legal control over American land and Incan labor
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by the mid 1500s, Spain's main goal in North America was to
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maintain its dominance and power in the region
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which of the following diseases were introduced into Europe by Christopher Columbus's sailors after their journey to the Americas in the 4090s?
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syphilis
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which of the following statements describes the significance of the arrival of new world crops, including Maize and potatoes, and Europe and Asia after the 1500s?
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American crops increased agricultural yield and population growth in the old world
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what causes Spanish Netherlands to revolt against Spanish rule in 1566?
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Dutch protestants desire to protect their faith
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King Henry VIII started the English reformation by
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declaring himself supreme head of the church of England
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which of the following was an outcome of Elizabeth I's compromise on the church of England in the late 1500s?
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Angered the English people that supported radical Protestantism
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The main motive for king Philip II's attack on England and 1588 was to
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eradicate protestantism in England and Holland
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200,000 Spaniards from Castile migrated to America in the 1500s in order to escape
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high taxes on agriculture and military service
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why was the influence of American gold and silver into the English economy during the 16th century significant?
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increase power for nobles and House of Lords
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which of the following is true of the English outwork textile industry that emerged around 1500?
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landless peasants and small cottages spun and a wove wool into cloth
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Portuguese colonists in Brazil in the 16th century created an industry based on which of these resources?
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sugar
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which of the following groups provided the labor for Brazil's profitable plantations in 1620?
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African slaves
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which of the following statements describes the English migrants who initially settled into Jamestown colony in the early 1600s?
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early Jamestown settlers expected to profit from gold and Indian labor
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Powhatan, leader of a confederation of about two dozen tribes in Virginia...
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treated the English as a potential Ally and attempted to integrate them into his chiefdom
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what accounted for the uneasy relations that persisted between Powhatan's people and the Jamestown settlers for more than a decade after 1607?
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both groups cannot reach agreement about who would pay tribute to whom
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The economic likelihood of a Virginia colony in the 1700s depending on which of the following products?
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tobacco
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Which of the following developments foster the flow of migrants into the Virginia colony between 1617 and 1622?
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The Virginia company began to allow individual settlers to own land
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what is that did American tobacco have an England during the early colonial period?
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The English developed a huge appetite for tobacco, which stimulated the English economy and bolstered England's treasury
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which of the following was the outcome of the surprise Indian attack on the Virginia colony in 1622?
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James I revoked the Virginia company's charter and made it a royal colony
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which of the following characteristics was a common feature of royal colonies throughout English America in the 17th century?
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appointed governor's, elected assembly's, and established Anglican church
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Lord Baltimore, the proprietor of Maryland, establish that colony as a haven for
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catholics
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which of the following describes a colony of Maryland, founded in 1632?
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tobacco production shape it's economy and social structures
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which of the following statements accurately characterizes life in the 17th century North American plantation colonies?
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disease took such a toll that most children lost at least one parent before their 13th birthday
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in North America's plantation colonies, most indentured servants
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did not escape from poverty
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in which of the following ways did the plantation colonies of Barbados differ from those in Chesapeake in the 17th century?
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The Chesapeake adopted slavery gradually and the Barbados did so quickly
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in which of the following statements describes Africans in Virginia after the 1660s?
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africans found themselves more entrenched in slavery as a permanent condition
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in contrast to the Spanish missionaries in the 16th century, the 17 century French jesuits
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try to understand the Indians values and worldview
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which of the following factors encourage migrants to New France in the 17th century?
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generous terms for indentured servitude
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how was conization somewhere for the French and Spanish?
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The French and Spanish aimed to Christianize the native peoples
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which of the following describes the Dutch colony of New Netherland and 17 century?
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The venture failed to attract many settlers
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which of the following native groups capitalized on its geographic location in Central New York and remained a significant political force in North America long after colonize Asian?
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Iroquois
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Why did Plymouth begin to thrive after its first year while Jamestown struggled for many years?
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the religious discipline of the Plymouth settlers encouraged their stronger work ethic
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When they settled in the New World in 1630, the Puritans' first priority was to...
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create a reformed society that modeled true Christianity in America
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John Winthrop's phrase \"City upon a Hill\" referred to which of the following colonies?
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Massachusetts Bay
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For which of the following reasons was Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts Bay in 1636?
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The puritan minister condemned the separation of church and state
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Anna Hutchinson was banished from Massachusetts Bay for
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teaching that believers did not need to obey church rules
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Which of the following New England colonies required church membership in order to be able to vote?
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Massachusetts
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What caused the Puritans', \" errand into the wilderness\" to become permanent?
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the failure of the English Revolution
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The worldview of devout Puritans such as cotton Mather was based on which of the following?
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supernatural forces
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why did the largest land holdings in the 17 century New England towns usually belong to the wealthier families?
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meant of higher social status tended to receive the largest land grants from the town
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which of the following was characteristic of both Massachusetts Bay in Connecticut colonies?
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their governments or controlled by Len holding aristocracy
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how did the Puritans justify their invasion of the Native Americans land in the 17th century
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they interpreted epidemics that devastated Native American populations as a favorable sign from God
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which of the following statements is true of Metacom's War ( king Phillip's war )which took place in 1675 to 1676?
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The war was the last attempt to save Indian and culture in New England
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which is the following statements describes life in the Chesapeake region after 1660?
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A wealthy, planter - merchant , elite dominated the Chesapeake economy and owned almost half of the land of Virginia
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why was the William Berkeley significant in the Chesapeake region in the 17 century?
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his political favoritism during his government aroused great resentment in Virginia
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which of the following was a consequence of Bacons rebellion of the 1670s?
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slavery began to replace indentured servitude
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how are the Indian uprising in 1622 and the Bacon's rebellion of 1675 to 1676 similar
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The rebellions lead to changes in the structure of the colonies government
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how are the Spanish conquistadors, Nathaniel bacon's frontiersman, and the Puritans similar?
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all treated the Native Americans brutally
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which of the following describes the character of Britain's empire in America before 1660?
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The British ruled in a haphazard and lax manner
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which of the following is true of the restoration colonies in New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the Carolinas and 1660s?
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they were created by Charles II to expand English power in America
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which of the following statements describes a dominant approach to settlement in North Carolina and it's earlier's?
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The proprietors planned to set up a manorial system, but this plan failed
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where did the first colonists who settled South Carolina and introduce Racial slavery in the 1660s come from?
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Barbados
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which American colony was established in the 1660s as a haven for Quakers?
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Pennsylvania
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which of the following statements is true of the Quaker religion and the 1660s?
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it taught that God inbued man and woman with an \"inner light \" of grace
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The navigation acts, implemented in the American colonies by Britain in the mid-17th century, were originally intended to
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got the French and Dutch out of all the colonial trade
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The navigation acts of the mid-17th century included which of the following stipulations?
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European goods going to colonies had to go through England first
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which of the following was an outcome of the navigation acts in the mid-17th century?
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Colonists were required to export there sugar and tobacco to only England
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which of the following statements describes a change in English economic philosophy for the colonies beginning in the 1650s?
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The English controlled trade with the colonies due to discontent with a favorable balance of trade in Europe
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as part of its mercantilist policy in the late 17 century England committed which of the following actions?
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drove Dutch from new Netherlands
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which of the following events provoked a major crisis for Puritans in Massachusetts in the 17th century
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The Annulment of Massachusetts charter
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for which of the following reasons did Britain's king James II create Dominion of New England in 1686?
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to strengthen royal control over America
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for which of the following reasons did the 1686 Dominion of New England anger American colonists?
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it invalidated the Massachusetts Bay colony's original land titles
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which of the following occurred in the aftermath of the Glorious Revolution of 1686?
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Plymouth Maine and Massachusetts Bay were joint together to create a new royal colony
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in Maryland, the aftermath of the glorious Revolution was characterized by
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The establishment of the church of England of the official church
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which of the following describes the significance of the glorious Revolution of 1688 in England and America?
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The change represented a major step toward democracy
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which of the following describes the process of tribalization that occurred in America in the early 18 century
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natives re-organizing themselves into tribes to better deal with constant conflict which made it easier to strike alliances
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why was the Convenant chain between New York and the Iroquois people in the 18 century significant?
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it created a standard for relations between the British Empire and their native allies
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which of the following statements characterizes the impact of War for Spanish Succession (1702 to 1713) in the American Southeast?
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The Creek nation used European war to expand its power into northern Florida and North Carolina
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which of the following is true for Iroquois in New York during the period of imperial warfare in the early 18 century?
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The tribe allied themselves with France and Britain and declared their intention to remain neutral
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when the early 18 century Angelo - French wars temporarily ended with the treaty of Utrecht in 1713, Britain had
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won major territorial and commercial gains, including new found land and Hudson Bay Region
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which agricultural product served as the foundation for South Atlantic system and 18 century?
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sugar
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which of the following areas imported the smallest number of slaves in the early 18 century?
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North America
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which of the following statements characterizes the impact of slave trade on Africa?
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slave trade hardened African class divisions and changed gender relations
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which of the following statements characterizes African states' involved in Atlantic slave trade it?
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The Asante Kings used profits from the slave trade it to expand their dominions
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The transatlantic slave trade resulted in which of the following outcomes in the 18 century?
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the emergence of polygamous marriage in many African societies
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The term middle passage refers to which to the following?
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African slave's perilous trans transatlantic journey to the Americas
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which of the following statements characterizes life for slaves in the west Indies in the 1700s?
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because the price of sugar was high and the price of slaves was low, slaves worked to death
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which of the following occurred as a consequence of the tobacco \"revolution\" in Virginia and Maryland in the late 17 century?
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The creation of a slave based plantation economy
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which of the following characterized tobacco ,rice , and sugar production in 18th century America?
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each drove the slave trade for a time
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what method did Chesapeake planters use in the early 18 century to prevent slave revolts?
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they bought slaves of different ethnic backgrounds to make it harder to band together
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which of the following explains why Chesapeake planters treated their slaves less harshly than West Indian planters in the 18th-century?
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profits on sugar were much higher than those made in the tobacco industry
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which of the following statements describes slaves lives in North American colonies in the 18 century?
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slaves continued the ritual scarring practices that originated in many African tribes.
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The extent of violence perpetrated by whites again slaves in any particular geographic area depending on which of the following factors?
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it's population density
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what spurred slaves to organize the Stono Rebellion in South Carolina and 1739?
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The Spanish government in Florida promised freedom to fugitive slaves
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How did South Carolina planters respond in the aftermath of Stono Rebellion in 1739?
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the planters decided to import fewer Africans
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Which of the following was true of slavery in the American colonies in the eighteenth century?
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For some noteworthy rebellions slaves rarely rebelled or even dissented
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Which of the following changes occurred in white society of Chesapeake colonies at the same time that slavery was being forced on Africans?
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a more rigid class structure with a well-defined and highly visible economic and political elite began to emerge
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During the period between 1676 and 1750, how did Virginia gentry try to reduce social discontent?
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urged even small landholders to purchase slaves and thus support slavery
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People from which of the following groups modeled themselves after the English aristocracy in the first half of the eighteenth century?
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New York Yeomen
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by the middle of the 18th century, Chesapeake planters displayed their dominance through
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fertility
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which of the following combinations describes wealthy Chesapeake in southern women in the first half of the 18th century
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deferential
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which of the following statements characterizes the colonial shipbuilding industry during the early 18 century?
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most shipbuilding took place in New Jersey and Connecticut
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in the mid-1700s how were the English colonies throughout the British Atlantic empire primarily linked?
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trade
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The British colonists and 18 century North America enjoyed a significant degree of autonomy over their royal governor is mainly due to
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their control over governor's salaries
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what did the British policy of salutary neglect of the American colonies in the early 18 century mean?
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The British relaxes their supervision of the colonies internal affairs while concentrating on defense and trade policies
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for which of the following reasons did war break out between England and Spain the late 1730s?
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Spain was angry over the English settlement of Georgia
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Americans major objection to the navigation act related to which of the following stipulations?
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The requirement that Americans maintain a fair balance of trade with England
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which of the following statements characterize the currency problems that plagued the American colonies in the early and mid 18th century ?
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The lack of currency in the colonies led new England states to issue paper money which English creditors increasingly refuse to except
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which of the following characterized the new England freehold society of the early 18 century?
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many relatively equal land and families whose livelihoods came from agriculture and trade
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how do you farmwives throughout the colonies and 18 century contribute to their families?
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wives acted as helpmates to their husbands and performed both domestic and agriculture tasks
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which of the following statements describes the relationship of typical New England woman at the church in the 18 century?
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woman and men joint church in equal numbers but men dominated leadership
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which of the following statements best describes women's property rights in the English colonies in the 18th century?
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when they married woman passed legal ownership of all her personal property to her husband's
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which of the following statements best describes inheritance patterns in colonial new England during the mid-1700s?
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well there is had a cultural duty to provide inheritances for their children
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in 18 century new England, the notion that parents will pay grown children for their past labors in exchange for the privilege of choosing the children spouses was known as
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The marriage portion
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which of the following statements describes rural life in the new England colonies during the 18th-century?
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colonists sense of personal worth and dignity in rural New England contrasted sharply with European peasant life
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which of the following developments created a crisis for new England Puritan society in the 18 century?
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population growth made freehold land scarce
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which of the following was a result of long-practice policy of subdividing land in New England for inheritance by the mid-1700s?
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The number of children conceived before marriage row sharply
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which of the following was an outcome of New England families efforts to maintain the freeholder ideal in the late 18th century?
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farmers abandoned traditional grain crops and adopted life stock agriculture instead
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which of the following statements describes the role of money and economic exchange in the 18th century rural New England?
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generally no money was exchanged between relatives and neighbors but debts were maintained and settled every few years by cash transfers.
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in New York during the first half of the 18th century, settlement of the Hudson River Valley showed which of the following patterns?
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The Dutch manorial system largely remained intact with a few wealthy and powerful Dutch and English landlords dominating poor tentant families
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which of the following statements characterizes the nature of colonial Pennsylvania during the 18 century?
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The growing wheat trade in the mid-18 century brought anninfux of poor families which increased social divisions.
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which of the following features characterized the Middle Atlantic colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania in the 18 century?
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cultural diversity
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which of the following 18th century Pennsylvania immigrants quickly lost its cultural identity by practicing intermarriage with other protestants?
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Dutch Huguenots
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what did the German immigrants known as redemptioners do on their arrival in Pennsylvania in the 18 century?
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they negotiated the terms for a period of servitude through which they would pay for their trip
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The most numerous voluntary non-slave immigrants to British North America in the 18 century came from which of the following groups?
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Scots - Irish
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which of the following statements characterizes 18th century religious practice in Pennsylvania?
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each religious sect enforced moral behavior among its members
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The political conflicts that wracked colonial Pennsylvania in the middle of the 18 century stemmed from which of the following sources?
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rapid immigration and population growth
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why was the print revolution that occurred in the colonies during the early 18 century significant?
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pruning allowed got the broad transmissions of new ideas
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which of the following individuals created the foundation for that Enlightenment thinking?
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Nicholas Copernicus
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The English philosopher John Locke believed the following ideas?
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people have natural rights such as life, liberty, and property
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The power of human reason, a world ordered by natural laws, and the progressive improvement of society are associated with which of the following movements?
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The enlightenment
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puritan minister Cotton Mather's response to which of the following 18th century crisis demonstrated that enlightenment ideas had begun to influence them?
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The Boston smallpox epidemic
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influenced by enlightenment science, which of the following religious movements believed that God had created the world but allowed it to operate in accordance with the laws of nature?
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Deists
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how did the Pietism movement of the 18 century differ from puritanism?
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pietism stressed an individuals relationship with God
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which of these individuals would've most likely preferred Pietism to deism in the 18 century?
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The middle Atlantic colonies because of pietism originated in Germany and there was a lot of German immigrants
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what made George Whitefield such a successful evangelical preacher in new England in the 1740s?
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A reputation for being \"almost angelical\" an appearance
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which of the following statements describes the religious controversy that emerged from the Great Awakening during the 1740s and 1750s?
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The old lights prohibited traveling preachers from speaking to a congregation without its minister permission
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during the great awakening in the 1730s and 1740s which of the following groups challenge that authority of ministers?
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New lights
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which of the following colleges was founded in the mid-18 century out of religious enthusiasm spread by the great awakening?
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Princeton
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The 18 century great awakening was impetuous from which of the following phenomena?
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African-Americans created of a distinctive Protestant Christianity
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which of these religious denominations successfully converted many slaves in the mid-18 century southern colonies?
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baptists
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why did the Virginia gentry fear the rise of Baptists in the mid-18 century?
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they threatened to undermine the gentry's position and privilege
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which of the following consequences of the 18 century great awakening made it historically significant?
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Americans new freedom to challenge authority within and outside the church
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which of the following 18 century movements posed a significant challenge to traditional assumptions about race, gender, and class in the American society?
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The great awakening
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The French and Indian war started as a result of disputed land claims regarding
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Ohio River Valley
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hostilities between French troops and Virginians led by Colonel George Washington began in 1754 in which of the following locations?
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Fort Duquesne
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how did the British government respond to hostilities in America in 1754?
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William Pitt and Lord Halifax persuaded prime minister Pelham to start a war America against the French
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what made the British authorities wary of declaring war against the French and North American 1754?
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they believed American colonists were incapable of cooperating in their own defense
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The 1754 Albany Congress was a significant event because it demonstrated that
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neither the colonies nor the British found the other plans acceptable
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The group that came to be known as the Cajuns after the Great War for Empire were
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French settlers expelled by the British from Nova Scotia and deported to Louisiana
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which of the following was part of William Pitt strategy to mobilize the American colonists for the great war for empire in 1756?
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committing to provide a fleet of British ships and 30,000 soldiers to North America
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which of the following is a provision of the treaty of Paris in 1763?
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France lost all of her mother American territory east of the Mississippi River
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in the mid-1700s which industrializing nation was a dominant commercial power in the Atlantic ocean
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England
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which of the following statements describes the early industrial revolution and it's impact in the American colonies in the 18 century
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Britain's new ability to produce more and cheaper goods than ever before transformed American markets and raised most colonists standard way of living
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what specific purpose did the colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia serve for the British Empire in the 18 century?
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their wheat crops made them the bread basket of the Atlantic ocean
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which of the following developments was an outcome of the 18 century consumer revolution
answer
The colonies became more dependent on overseas credits and markets
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Pontiac's uprising in Detroit in 1763 was a direct cause of which of the following events?
answer
The royal proclamation of 1763
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which of the following problems trouble both eastern migrants and Western settlers in the American colonies in the mid-1770s?
answer
competition for land
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