Chapter Four: Cognitive vs Humanistic Approach – Flashcards
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cognitive perspective
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a theoretical perspective in which it is assumed that abnormality is caused by maladaptive thought processes that result in dysfunctional behavior
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cognitive perspective
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Focuses on the way that people's thoughts influence their emotions. One of the fundamental assumptions is that having "rational", or logical, thoughts will help pave the way toward individual's developing and maintaining psychological health
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cognitive perspective
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proposes that psychological disorders are the product of disturbed thoughts
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automatic thoughts
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ideas so deeply entrenched that the individual is not even aware that they lead to feelings of unhappiness and discouragement
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dysfunctional attitudes
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personal rules or values people hold that interfere with adequate adjustment. Negative beliefs about the self that are also deeply ingrained and difficult to articulate
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dysfunctional attitude
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people will probably think less of me if I made a mistake
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experience
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i gave the wrong answer in class
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automatic thought
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people think I'm stupid
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negative emotion
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i feel sad and useless
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humanistic perspective
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an approach to personality and psychological disorder that regards people as motivated by the need to understand themselves and the world and to derive greater enrichment from their experiences by fulfilling their unique individual potential
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humanistic perspective
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People are motivated to strive for self-fulfillment and meaning in life. Focuses on the values, beliefs, and ability to reflect on our own experiences that separate humans from other species
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growth potential
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These theorists also saw human behavior in much more positive terms and viewed psychological disorders as the result of restricted
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existential psychology
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heavily influenced the work of humanistic theorists, a theoretical position that emphasizes the importance of fully appreciating each moment as it occurs
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existential psychology
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people who are tuned in to the world around them and experience life as fully as possible in each moment are the psychologically healthiest. Psychological disorders arise when people are unable to experience living in the moment
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self-actualization
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the maximum realization of the individual's potential for psychological growth
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self-actualization
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people have accurate self-perceptions and are able to find rich sources of enjoyment and stimulation in their everyday activities; Capable of peak experiences in which they feel a tremendous surge of inner happiness, as if they were totally in harmony with themselves and their world
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abraham maslow
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Defined the hierarchy of needs, which proposes that people are best able to experience self-actualization when they meet their basic physical and psychological needs
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deficit needs
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needs that are lower on the hierarchy, they describe a state in which the individual seeks to obtain something that is lacking
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deficit needs
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an individual who is preoccupied with meeting _____ cannot achieve self-actualization
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cognitive restructuring
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one of the fundamental techniques of cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients learn to reframe negative ideas into more positive ones
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cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
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treatment method in which clinicians focus on changing both maladaptive thoughts and maladaptive behaviors
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cognitive restructuring
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The clinician attempts to change the client's thoughts by questioning and challenging the client's dysfunctional attitudes and irrational beliefs
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cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
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Clinicians incorporate behavioral techniques such as homework and reinforcement with cognitive methods that increase awareness by clients of their dysfunctional thoughts
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acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
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a form of cognitive therapy that helps clients accept the full range of their subjective experiences, such as distressing thoughts and feelings, as they commit themselves to tasks aimed at achieving behavior change that will lead to an improved quality of life
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acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
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Rather than fighting off disturbing symptoms, clients should acknowledge that they will feel certain unpleasant emotions in certain situations. By accepting rather than avoiding such situations, individuals can gain perspective and, in the process, feel that they are more in control of their symptoms
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person centered theory
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the humanistic theory that focuses on the uniqueness of each individual, the importance of allowing each individual to achieve maximum fulfillment of potential and the need for the individual to confront honestly the reality of his or her experiences in the world
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client centered
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an approach based on the belief held by Rogers that people are innately good and that the potential for self-improvement lies within the individual
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conditions of worth
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refers to the demands that parents place upon children in which they communicate the message that in order to be loved, they have to meet these criteria. As adults they are constantly trying to meet the expectations of others instead of feeling that others will value them for their true selves even with flaws
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unconditional positive regard
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a method in client-centered therapy in which the clinician gives total acceptance of what the client says, does, and feels; used to counteract the problems caused by conditions of worth
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motivational interviewing (MI)
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a directive, client-centered style for eliciting behavior change by helping clients explore and resolve ambivalence; using empathic understanding as a means of promoting behavioral change in clients
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motivational interviewing (MI)
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Clinician collaborates with the client to strengthen the client's motivation to make changes by asking questions that elicit the individual's own arguments for change
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sociocultural perspective
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the theoretical perspective that emphasizes the ways that individuals are influenced by people, social institutions, and social forces in the world around them
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family perspective
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a theoretical perspective in which it is assumed that abnormality is caused by disturbances in the pattern of interactions and relationships within the family
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social discrimination
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prejudicial treatment of a class of individuals, seen in the sociocultural perspective as a cause of psychological problems
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family therapy
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the clinician encourages all family group members (however defined) to try new ways of relating to each other or thinking about their problems
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group therapy
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people who share similar experiences share their stories with each other, aided by the facilitation of a therapist
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milieu therapy
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used in treatment settings such as inpatient hospitals to promote positive functioning in clients by creating a therapeutic community
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milieu therapy
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Every staff person, whether a therapist, nurse, or paraprofessional, takes part in the overall mission of providing an environment that supports positive change and reinforces appropriate social behaviors
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multicultural approach
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therapy that relies on awareness, knowledge, and skills of the client's sociocultural context
