Chapter 9 Section 2 – Industrialization: Case Study-Manchester
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How did the Industrial Revolution affect the lives of the people involved?
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GOOD: -More jobs -Higher wages -People able to afford goods BAD: -Unhealthy working conditions -Pollution -Child Labor -Class tensions between the working and middle class
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What happened after the 1800s?
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People began to move towards cities to find better job opportunities. This period of city building and movement of people to cities is called urbanization.
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Why were factories developed in clusters?
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Entrepreneurs built them near sources of energy.
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What happened to England because of rapid growing?
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-No development plan -No sanitary/building codes -Lacked adequate housing -Lacked Education -Lacked police protection Poor living conditions lead to epidemics of deadly diseases (Cholera)
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In 1842 what was the average life span for the working class city?
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17 years old.
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What of factory owners do to increase production?
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Kept machines running for as long as possible, forcing workers to long shifts.
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Why did industries pose new dangers for workers?
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-Factories seldom lit/clean -Machines injured workers -No government program to provide aid in case of injury -Unhealthy working environment
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Why were many women and children hired?
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They were the cheapest form of labor
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Which class benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution?
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The middle class.
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How did the middle class transform the social structure of Great Britain?
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Some middle class citizens were wealthier than or as wealthy as landlords and aristocrats, which caused the middle class to gain social and political power.
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What was the social distinction that divided the two wealthy classes (Middle and Upper classes)?
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Landowners looked down on those who made their fortune in the \"vulgar\" business world.
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During the years 1800-1850 what happened to the working class/ laborers?
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They saw little to no improvement in both their work and living conditions Machines began replacing them
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How did some of the Working Class react to the machines that replacing them?
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They smashed the machines. Resulted in the Luddites.
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Who were the Luddites?
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A group of workers who attacked whole factories in northern England beginning in the 1811, destroying the laborsaving machinery.
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What were the positive effects of the Industrial Revolution?
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1. Created jobs for workers 2. Contributed to the wealth of the nation 3. Fostered technological progress and invention 4. Increased the production of goods 5. Raised the standard of living; healthier diets, better housing, expanded educational opportunities. 6. Provided the hope of improvement in people's lives.
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What were the long term effects of the Industrial Revolution?
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Effects are still evident today; people today can afford consumer good that were once luxuries. Living+Working conditions have improved.
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What were the unique advantages that made Manchester the leading example of the new industrial city?
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- Access to water power - Available labor from nearby country side -Outlet to the sea at Liverpool
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How did Manchester show both the best and the worst of the Industrial Revolution?
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BAD: - Unplanned growth made it a unhealthy place for the poor people who worked and lived there GOOD: - Wealth flowed into the factories
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How did mill owners earn high profits?
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Workers labored under terrible conditions. The workers worked many hours with a half hour break for lunch and an hour break for dinner for 6 days a week.
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What was the Factory Act of 1819?
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The act restricted the working age and hours. Prior to the Factory Act Britain exerted little control over child labor.
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What was the environmental effect of having a concentrated area for industries?
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It polluted the surrounding area.
