Chapter 9- Producing World-Class Goods and Services – Flashcards
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production
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The creation of finished goods and services using the factors of production:land,labor,capital,entrepreneurship,and knowledge.
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production management
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The term used to describe all the activities managers do to help their firms create goods.
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operations management
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A specialized area in management that converts or transforms resources (including human resources) into goods and services.
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form utility
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The value added by the creation of finshed goods and services,such as the value added by taking silicon and making computer chips or putting services together to create a vacation package.
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process manufacturing
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That part of the production process that physically or chemically changes materials.
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assembly process
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That part of the production process that puts together components.
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continuous process
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A production process in which long production runs turn out finished goods over time.
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intermittent process
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A production process in which the production run is short and the machines are changed frequently to make different products.
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computer-aided process (CAD)
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The use of computers in the design of products.
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computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
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The use of computers in the manufacturing of products.
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computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
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The uniting of computer-aided design (CAD) with computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).
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flexible manufacturing
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Designing machines to do multiple tasks so that they can produce a variety of products.
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lean manufacturing
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The production of goods using less of everything compared to mass production.
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mass customization
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Tailoring prodcuts to meet the needs of individual customers.
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facility location
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The process of selecting a geographic location for a company's operations.
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facility layout
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The physical arrangement of resources (including people) in the production process.
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materials requirement planning (MRP)
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A computer-based production management system that uses sales forecasts to make sure that needed parts and materials are available at the right time and place.
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enterprise resource planning (ERP)
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A computer application that enables multiple firms to manage all of their operations (finance, requirements planning, human resources, and order fulfillment) on the basis of a single, integrated set of corporate data.
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purchasing
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The function in a firm that searches for quality material resources, finds the best suppliers, and negotiates the best price for goods and services.
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just-in-time (JIT) inventory control
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A production process in which a minimum of inventory is kept on the premises and parts,supplies,and other needs are delivered just in time to go on the assembly line.
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quality
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Consistency producing what the customer wants while reducing errors before and after delivery to the customer.
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six sigma quality
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A quality measure that allows only 3.4 defects per million oppurtunities.
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statistical quality control (SQC)
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The process some managers use to continually monitor all phases of the production process to assure that quality is being built into the product from the beginning.
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statistical process control (SPC)
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The process of taking statistical samples of product components at each stage of the production process and plotting those results on a graph. Any variances from quality standardsare recognized and can be corrected if beyond the set standards.
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ISO 9000
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The common name given to quality management and assurance standards.
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ISO 14000
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A collection of the best practices for managing an organization's impact on the environment.
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program evaluation and review technique (PERT)
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A method for analyzing the tasks in completing a given project,estimating the time needed to complete each task,and identifying the minimum time needed to complete the total project.
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critical path
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In a PERT network, the sequence of tasks that takes the longest time to complete.
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Gantt chart
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Bar graph showing production managers what projects are being worked on and what stage they are in at any given time.
