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Arbor vitae

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Looks like a tree

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Lateral ventricle

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Space for fluid between

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Optic charisma

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Shaped like an X

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Superior colliculi

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Looks like a butt

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Dura mater

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Leathery covering over the entire brain

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Cerebellum

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Cauliflower; the area toward the back of the brain

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Pineal Gland

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Behind the colliculi, looks like a little nub

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Thalamus

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Large area under the corpus calosum

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Pons

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The rounded part of the brain stem

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Olfactory bulb

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Contains nerves, connects to the far front of the brain

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The worm like ridges on the surface of the brain are

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Gyri

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What enlargement supplies nerves to the lower limbs?

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Lumbar

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What enlargement supplies nerves to shoulders?

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Cervical

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What tracts within the spinal cord carry motor impulses to the muscles?

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Descending

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What controls higher mental activities, such as learning and making decisions?

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Cerebrum

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What controls coordination, balance, and equilibrium?

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Cerebellum

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What tracts within the spinal cord carry sensory impulses to the brain?

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Ascending

question

Fluid filled cavities?

answer

Ventricles

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What controls emotional experiences?

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Limbic

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What part Of the body plays a major role in memory?

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Hippocampus

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Part of the diecephalon and controls basic functions such as body temperature and hunger?

answer

Hypothalamus

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Do Nodes of Ranvier occur between adjacent neurons?

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No

question

The subarachnoid space within the meninges

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Contains cerebrospinal fluid

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Ischemic cell change is caused by lack of

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Oxygen

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The drug caffeine stimulates the activity of the nervous system by

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Lowering thresholds at synapses

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The part of the brain that functions to coordinate voluntary muscle movements is the

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Cerebellum

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The cytoplasmic extensions that provide the main receptive surcease for neurons are

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Dendrites

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Within the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid occupies the

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Subarachnoid space

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In the central nervous system myelin is formed by

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Oligodendrocytes

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During an action potential, repolarization occurs as a result of

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Potassium ions diffusing to the outside of the cell membrane.

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Drugs that decrease membrane permeability to sodium

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Are used as local anesthetics, prevent nerve impulses from passing, causing loss into perception of pain

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The cell within the nervous system that fill spaces and give support to neurons are called

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neurological cells

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A single neuron pool receiving impulses from two or more fibers makes it possible for the neuron to summate impulses from different sources, thus exhibiting

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Summation

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The motor functions of the nervous system that are consciously controlled are part of the _____ nervous system

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Somatic

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Destruction or removal of a neurotransmitter prevents continuous stimulation of the

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Postsynaptic

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Convergence is when a single impulse within a neuron pool recieves impulses from how many fibers?

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two or more

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The PNS does not include

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Ascending and descending

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within the meninges cerebrospinal fluid is produced in the

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Choroid plexuses within the ventricles.

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what is the function of neurotransmitters?

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To transmit nerve impulses across synapses.

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Which of the following are involved in Salvatore conduction?

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Nodes of Ranvier and mylinated neurons

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a neuron that ends at a synapse is___ a neuron that begins at a synapse

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Presynaptic, Afferent

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When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron it triggers the release of

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neurotransmitters

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The automatic, subconscious responses to stimuli that help maintain homeostasis are

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Reflective

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When nerve cells are not conducting impulses

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The outside of the membrane is slightly more positive than the negative

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Neurotransmitters that decrease membrane permeability to sodium ions ___ the chances that it will reach threshold , and thus___

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Decrease, inhibitory

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Parietal Lobe

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sensory strip location, perception, touch(pain & temperature), ability to draw, reading and writing, calculations.

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Temporal Lobe

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hearing, long term memory, verbal and written recognition memory, receptive memory, music, initiation of verbal.

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Occipital Lobe

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perception, vision

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Autonomic

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Viscera; heart stomach, intestines

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Sympathetic

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Fight or flight

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Cholinergic fibers

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secrete acetylcholine

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When is the parasympathetic system dominant over the body?

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in sleep and relaxation

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Adrenergic fibers

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produce norepinephrine neurotransmitter; beta and alpha receptors

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True or false oligodendrocytes produce myelin sheaths

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False

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Dendrites release neurotransmitters into the extracellular space during nerve impulse transmissions.

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False

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Cell bodies of sensory neurons are always located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system

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True

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A sensory neuron carries stimuli from the central nervous system to the effector

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False

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Grey matter contains collections of unmylienated fibers and cell bodies in the central nervous system

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True

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The all or none response phenomenon as applied to nerve conduction states that the whole nerve cell must be stimulated for conduction to take place

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False

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Depolarization of neurons results from the entry of sodium ions into the cell

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True

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The withdrawal, or flexor, reflex is one of the only voluntary reflexes

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False

question

A polarized neuron has fewer positive ions inside in comparison to the outside of the neuron

answer

True

question

Sensory/Afferent neurons transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to

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The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord)

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Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscles to the central nervous system are

answer

Somatic sensory

question

What neurological cell forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system

answer

oligodendrocytes

question

The Schwann cell forms a myelin sheath around the

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Nodes of Ranvier

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The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called

answer

Dendrites

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A major role of the interneuron is to

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connect motor and sensory neurons in their pathways

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Neurons with several processes branching off the body, such a motor neurons and interneurons, are structurally classified as

answer

Multipolar

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The two major functional properties of neurons are

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irritability and conductivity

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Vagus function

answer

conduct impulses from the pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and viscera of the thorax and abdomen. conduct impulses to muscles associated with speech and swallowing; autonomic motor fibers conduct impulses to the viscera of the thorax and abdomen

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Facial nerve function

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Facial expressions, supplies information about touch on face and senses of tongue in mouth

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Trochlear function

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moves the eyes

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Vestibulocochlear function

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Equilibrium & hearing

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Olfactory function

answer

smell

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Trigeminal function

answer

impulses from the surface of the eyes, tear glands, scalp, forehead, and upper eyelids. impulses to muscles of mastication and to muscles in the floor of the mouth.

question

Autonomic system

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controls involuntary action, such as digesting food

question

Somatic system

answer

responsible for transmission of chemical and electrical signals to and from skeletal muscles

question

Impulse conduction is the fastest in neurons that are

answer

Myelinated

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Bipolar neurons are commonly

answer

More abundant in adults than children

question

During resting state, a neuron is

answer

Polarized with sodium ions outside the cell and potassium ions inside the cell

question

Immediately after an action potential is propagated, which one of the ions rapidly diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid

answer

potassium

question

Nerve impulse transmissions occurring along mylienated neurons are called

answer

salatory conduction

question

The diffusion of potassium ions out of a neuron causes it to experience

answer

depolarization

Chapter 9 nervous system – Flashcards

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