Chapter 9: Intelligence – Flashcards

Intelligence

g or g-factor

fluid intelligence

crystallized intelligence

Fluid v. Crystallized

Howard Gardner, psychologist asks, "how are we smart?" - proposes his theory on intelligence, that there are 8 distinct spheres *Theory of Multiple Intelligences

What is higher intelligence related to?

Lateral prefrontal cortex

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence - 3 types of intelligence

Emotional Intelligence

Intelligence Tests

Intelligence quotient (IQ)

Modern Intelligence tests

What do the modern intelligence tests measure? (WAIS & WISC)

Reliability

Validity

Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)

fetal alcohol syndrome

down syndrome

familial retardation

Heritability

Flynn Effect

If we were to plot the IQ scores of every person living in the United States on a graph, we would end up with: a downward sloping curve. a vertical line. a uniform distribution—that is, a straight horizontal line. a bell-shaped curve.

The property by which tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure is known as _____. specificity validity reliability sensitivity

Which of the following professionals would most likely display spatial intelligence? Dancer Actor Social worker Architect

Traditional tests were designed to relate to _____. academic success career success spiritual success familial success

Imagine that American children and African children are asked to memorize the locations of objects on a chessboard. In one condition, the objects are rocks; in the other, they are household objects common in the West. What might you predict regarding the children's performance? The performance of the American children will exceed that of the African children in both conditions. The performance of the African children will exceed that of the American children in both conditions. The performance of the African children will be equivalent to that of the American children in both conditions. The performance of the African children will exceed that of the American children when the objects are rocks but not when they are Western household objects.

Of those who are mentally retarded, what percentage are classified as mildly retarded? 90% 75% 65% 50%

Michael is completing a difficult series of verbal analogies. Most likely, the lateral _____ cortex in his brain is active. occipital prefrontal parietal temporal

Approximately _____ of the population have an IQ score between 85 and 115. 52% 68% 77% 85%

The g-factor is: the factor that helps us reason abstractly. a broad factor that supports every aspect of intelligence. one of several components of intelligence. the same thing as crystallized intelligence.

Intellectual disability in which no apparent biological defect exists but there is a history of it in the kin is known as _____ retardation. syndromic cultural familial non-syndromic

Which of the following is one of Gardner's forms of intelligence? General intelligence Analytical intelligence Crystallized intelligence Musical intelligence

A psychological test is reliable when it: measures what it is actually supposed to measure. has been normed using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed. yields consistent measurements. measures the positives in the test.

Which of the following is true of people with high intelligence or intellectually gifted individuals? High intelligence is a homogeneous quality. A person with a high overall IQ is gifted in every academic subject. Intellectually gifted individuals account for 2%-4% of the population. A high IQ is a universal guarantee of success.

Which of the following is true about tests? Even if a test is unreliable, it cannot be valid. Test validity and reliability are prerequisites for accurate assessment of intelligence. Test reliability and validity are highly desirable for an accurate assessment of intelligence. Knowing that a test is reliable guarantees that it is also valid.

Gardner's theory includes each of the following types of intelligence EXCEPT: tacit intelligence. musical intelligence. bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. interpersonal intelligence.

People with severe retardation have an IQ: of 40 to 54. of 25 to 39. of 55 to 69. below 25.

The age for which a given level of performance is average or typical is known as _____. mental age societal age chronological age behavioral age

Early theorists such as Spearman argued that g represented general intelligence. According to these theorists, individuals high in g: have an advantage in every intellectual endeavor. excel at numerical but not verbal tasks. excel at visual but not verbal tasks. excel at verbal and numerical tasks, but not visual ones.

According to Sternberg, intelligence related to overall success in living is known as _____ intelligence. practical crystallized emotional creative

Which of the following findings support the position Herrnstein and Murray outlined in The Bell Curve? Middle- and upper-SES blacks score the same as middle- and upper-SES whites The black-white IQ gap remains, even when socioeconomic status is controlled. Lower-SES blacks score higher on average than lower-SES whites Whites score 35 points higher than blacks on traditional IQ tests even when socioeconomic status (SES) is taken into account.

Anita is mildly retarded; Brady is moderately retarded; Candace is severely retarded; and Denny is profoundly retarded. Which of these individuals can probably hold a job? Which of these individuals is probably unable to care for himself or herself? Anita; Denny Anita; Brady Candace; Anita Candace; Denny

The first intelligence tests were developed by: Galton. Binet. Spearman. Weschler.

Regarding the integration of mentally retarded students into regular classrooms, which of the following statements is true? In full inclusion programs, mentally retarded students are integrated into regular classroom activities to a greater extent than in the case of mainstreaming. In full inclusion programs, mentally retarded students are integrated into regular classroom activities to a somewhat lesser extent than in the case of mainstreaming. Full inclusion is widely applied today. Schools with full inclusion have separate special education classes.

Janet has a knack for figuring things out. When faced with puzzles and problems she has never seen before, Janet always manages to find a solution. Janet is high in _____ intelligence. spatial flexible fluid crystallized

The property by which tests measure consistently what they are trying to measure is known as _____. specificity validity reliability sensitivity

Which of the major intelligence concepts described in your text is CORRECTLY matched with a description? Practical intelligence - intelligence attuned to the feelings and needs of oneself or others Crystallized intelligence - information, skills, and strategies learned through experience Gardner's theory - intelligence relates to reasoning, memory, and information-processing capabilities Information-processing approach - eight independent forms of intelligence

Laura is 8; her performance on a series of tasks is equivalent to that of the average 10-year-old. Her intelligence quotient is: 125. 80. 110. 150.

n contrast to _____, _____ is more a reflection of the culture in which a person is raised. existential intelligence; fluid intelligence crystallized intelligence; existential intelligence fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligeenc existential intelligence; kinesthetic intelligence

Collectivist cultures, such as Taiwan's, place a high priority on how individuals relate to each other. It might be reasonable to hypothesize that Taiwanese adults might outscore American adults on a test of Gardner's _____ intelligence. naturalistic intrapersonal practical interpersonal

Studies of changes in intelligence as a function of aging suggest that: crystallized intelligence tend to decline with age in adults. crystallized intelligence tends to increase with age in adults. fluid intelligence tends to decline with age in adults. fluid intelligence tends to increase with age in adults.

The notion of practical intelligence is associated with: Gardner. Sternberg. Weschler. Spearman.

Intellectual disability in which no apparent biological defect exists but there is a history of it in the kin is known as _____ retardation. syndromic cultural familial non-syndromic

The most commonly used IQ test in the United States is the: Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV. Spearman G Scale. Terman Intelligence Batter.

A psychological test is reliable when it: measures what it is actually supposed to measure. has been normed using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed. yields consistent measurements. measures the positives in the test.

Psychologists define _____ as the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively. cognition intelligence sensation perception

____ refers to skills involved in the production and use of language. Naturalistic intelligence Linguistic intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Spatial intelligence

___ is the single factor for mental ability assumed to underlie intelligence in some early theories of intelligence. G-factor P-factor I-factor M-factor

_____ refers to skills involved in the production and use of language. Naturalistic intelligence Linguistic intelligence Intrapersonal intelligence Spatial intelligence

The Flynn effect refers to: the role of genetic inheritance in the development of intelligence. the effects of cultural expectations on intelligence scores. the high correlation between multiple intelligences. the long-term increase in IQ scores that has occurred over generations.

Dr. Cavanaugh examines the relationship between the personality trait of resilience and senior citizens' compliance with medication regimes; however, the resilience measure he used was normed only on college students. Based on this information, which of the following is the most apparent weakness of Dr. Cavanaugh's study? The simplicity of the resilience measure The standardization of the resilience measure The specificity of the resilience measure The operationalization of compliance

Which of the following best expresses the distinction between the WAIS-IV and WISC-IV? The WAIS-IV is for use on males only, whereas the WISC-IV is used on females only. The WAIS-IV is a test of verbal intelligence, whereas the WISC-IV is a test of nonverbal intelligence. The WAIS-IV is used to test adult intelligence, whereas the WISC-IV is used to test children's intelligence. The WAIS-IV is the current successor to the WISC-IV, an older test of intelligence.

Which of the following is MOST likely to draw on fluid intelligence? Solving a new kind of puzzle Answering trivia questions Figuring out how to fix a familiar appliance Participating in a discussion about the solution to the causes of poverty

Ashley, a psychology major, remarks that she has become interested in the study of intelligence. In other words, Ashley is interested in: the capacity to understand the world, think rationally, and use resources effectively. how behavior changes as a result of experience. the factors directing behavior toward a goal. the ability to generate novel solutions to problems.

Based on the text's discussion of the Flynn effect, how might the IQ of the average 18-year-old today compare with that of his/her counterpart 60 years ago? The IQ score of the average 18-year-old today is about 15 points higher than that of his/her counterpart 60 years ago. The IQ score of the average 18-year-old today is about 10 points lower than that of his/her counterpart 60 years ago. The IQ score of the average 18-year-old today is about the same as that of his/her counterpart 60 years ago. The IQ score of the average 18-year-old today is about 25 points higher than that of his/her counterpart 60 years ago.

Kyana is an excellent salesperson because she can always find a way of connecting with a potential client. Based on this information, in which kind of intelligence would Gardner expect Kyana to be high? Analytic Bodily kinesthetic Interpersonal Spatial

The term _____ refers to a measure of the degree to which a characteristic can be attributed to genetic factors. heritability specificity concordance rate cohort effect

Sir Francis Galton assumed that skull size is related to intelligence, this was _____ measure of intelligence. a reliable, but not a valid a valid, but not a reliable both a reliable and a valid neither a reliable nor a valid

A psychological test is valid when it: actually measures what it is supposed to measure. has been normed using samples representative of those for whom the test has been designed. yields consistent measurements. measures the positives in the test.

According to the text, a positive feature of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences is: the empirical support it has received. the intuitive appeal of the underlying concept. that it has led to the development of intelligence tests that allow test takers to be creative. its focus on cases of brain damage, as well as of mental retardation and giftedness.

Which of the following statements best describes the fate of Binet's intelligence test within psychology? It really has had little lasting influence on contemporary intelligence testing. It is still used, and it is in virtually the same form as Binet's original test. It was used for a number of decades, but was then abandoned. It is still used, but in a heavily revised form.

Logical-mathematical intelligence refers to skills: in problem solving and scientific thinking. in using the whole anatomy or various portions of it in the solution of problems or in the construction of products or displays. involved in the ability to identify patterns in nature. involved in the production and use of language.

Bodily kinesthetic intelligence refers to skills: in problem solving and scientific thinking. in using the whole anatomy or various portions of it in the solution of problems or in the construction of products or displays. involving spatial configurations. involved in the production and use of language.

According to Sternberg, intelligence related to overall success in living is known as _____ intelligence.