Chapter 9 Industrial Revolution – Flashcards
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Industrial Revolution
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the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production, especially the one that took place in England from about 1750 to about 1850.
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Industrialization
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the development of industries for the machine production of goods
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Entrepreneur
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someone who organizes a business venture and assumes the risk for it
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Crop Rotation
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The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil.
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Factory
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a plant consisting of buildings with facilities for manufacturing
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Enclosure
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the act of enclosing something inside something else
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Capitalism
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an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth.
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Factors of Production
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land, labor, and capital; the three groups of resources that are used to make all goods and services
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What Reasons, Events, and inventions helped bring about the industrial revolution?
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Agricultural Revolution, Population Growth, New Sources of Energy (coal and steam engine).
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How did science, technology, and big business promote industrial growth?
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science technology gives a ideas for the development of industries by implementing number machines to make the work easy then business: business is nothing but investment.
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How did rising population the industrial revolution
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more people to work in factories.
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What 5 advantages did great Britain have that other nations in europe did not?
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They had alot more jobs, new inventions, an economy, leaders, and a huge population
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Urbanization
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the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
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Middle Class
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A social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, business people, and wealthy farmers
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What were living conditions like in britain during industrialization ?
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They didnt have the inventions that america did
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What were the possible dangers of working in a mine or factory?
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You could dive from a cave in, and you could get seriously hurt if you dont do something right.
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What social class expanded as a result of Industrialization?
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the middle class
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What were some of the negative effects of industrialization?
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It brought little children to working.
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why did people flock to british cities and towns during the industrial revolution?
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i think that they entered the cononiy and beat them up
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Stock
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a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation
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Corporation
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a business owned by stockholders who share in its profits but are not personally responsible for its debts
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Productivity
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(economics) the ratio of the quantity and quality of units produced to the labor per unit of time
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5 reasons why productivity increased during the industrial revolution
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There were alot of jobs needed,
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what were the 4 effects of the railroad in great britain?
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Transportation of goods, recources, people and it brought many animals.
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why were other european countries slower to industrialize than britain
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Britain was the first state to develop modern financial institutions which provided the vast amounts of capital needed for the construction and equipping of railroads and large factories. Further, because of these institutions, this capital was often available in the form of credit.
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why did non-industrialized countries fall behind?
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Great Britain
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Karl marx and fried engels
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They were German revolutionary philosophers who co-wrote 'The Communist Manifesto' as well as several other pieces regarding the evils of capitalism, its inevitable destruction and the evolution of the world's economic system first to socialism then to communism. They blamed poverty and starvation on the evils of capitalist society.
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horace mann
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United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859)
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jane addams
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the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes
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william wilberforce
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British statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament that led to end of English slave trade in 1807.
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david ricardo
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English economist who argued that the laws of supply and demand should operate in a free market (1772-1823)
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thomas malthus
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an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834)
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adam smith
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Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790)
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robert owen
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(1771-1858) British cotton manufacturer believed that humans would reveal their true natural goodness if they lived in a cooperative environment. Tested his theories at New Lanark, Scotland and New Harmony, Indiana, but failed
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socialism
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a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.
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utilitarianism
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idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people
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union
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being of or having to do with the northern United States and those loyal to the Union during the Civil War
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communism
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a form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
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strike
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a conspicuous success
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laissez faire
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the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
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john stuart mill
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English Philosopher, Benthamite, wrote "On Liberty", Essay that talked about problem of how to prortect the rights of individuals and minorities in the emerging age of mass electoral paricipation. Advocated right of workers to organize, equality for women, and universal suffrage
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charles fourier and henri de saint-simon
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Started Socialism-public regulated production benefits workers
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Eli Whitney
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an American inventor who developed the cotton gin. Also contributed to the concept of interchangeable parts that were exactly alike and easily assembled or exchanged
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Robert Fulton
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American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)
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Jethro Toll
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invented seed drill
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Henry Ford
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1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.
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What were 2 warning classes that marx and engels outlined in the Communist Manifesto
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Middle class and the first class
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Why did workers join together in unions?
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to press for reforms
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What kind of society did early socialists want?
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they wanted utopian socialism
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What were Adam smiths three natural laws of economics
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Law of self-interest Law of competition Law of supply and demand
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what were the positive effects of the industrial revolution
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Decreased travel times
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what characteristics do capitalism and socialisms share? How are they Different?
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These ideologies are on opposite sides of the political spectrum the former being right wing and the latter being left wing. Suffice to say, they have almost NOTHING in common. The only possible similarity is that they both share egalitarian views, albeit in different senses of the word. Capitalists appeal to equal opportunity. Socialists appeal to equal outcome. But largely, you could not pick two more different ideologies.
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What were two important inventions created during the industrial revolution?
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The steam Engine and the gotten gin. The steam engine helped with almost every category of work, and the cotton gin helped make clothes.
