Chapter 9 Feudal Europe – Flashcards
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What Changes occurred in Europe after the fall Rome?
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(1) Decline in the size and power of governments (2) Reduction in long-distance trade (3) Decline in learning and devotion to Greek and Roman culture (4) Disappearance of cities and rise of rural villages and farms (5) Growth of numerous Germanic kingdoms
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What role did geography play in shaping medieval society in Europe?
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. THE ABUNDANCE OF FORESTS, FARMLAND AND RIVERS PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN SHAPING WAYS OF MEDIEVAL SOCIETY. DUE IN PART TO THIS GEOGRAPHY, EUROPE BECAME HOME TO MANY SMALL KINGDOMS AND SMALL ESTATES THAT THRIVED ON THEIR OWN BECUASE PEOPLE WERE ABLE TO PRODUCE MUCH OF WHAT THEY NEEDED FROM THE LAND. The topography is diverse, and the climate varies across the continent (Northern Europe experiences cold winters, while southern Europe has mild winters and hot and dry summers) The abundance of forests, farmland, and rivers played a key role in shaping ways of life in Medieval Europe.
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Middle ages
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a period of European history between the collapse of Rome and the renaissance lasting from ad 500 to 1450
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Collapse of Rome
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the collapse of Rome in the late fifth century ushered clearly in a 1000 year period known as middle ages(during much of the middle ages Europe contained small kingdoms that fought one and other.
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DECLINE OF LEARNING AND Trade in Europe
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The educated middle class disappeared and schools ceased to exist and trade throughout Europe disappeared. When trade disappeared so did many cities RESULTING people TO move TO THE COUNTRY and made their living by farming.
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What factors helped Christianity grow and spread?
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Christian Church was one institution that survived the fall of Rome. (1) Many Germanic rulers and their subjects converted to Christianity. These conversions helped spread Christianity throughout Europe. (2) GERMANIC GROUP CALLED THE FRANKS, WHO WERE ONE OF THE MORE POWERFUL KINGDOMS IN EUROPE DURING THE MIDDLE AGES, CONVERTED TO CHRISTIANITY. (3) MONASTERIES
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Who was Charlemagne, and how did he help spread Christianity?
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He was the ruler of the franks who built a European empire GREATER THAN ANY KNOWN SINCE ANCINET ROME. created a highly organized well run empire. ESTABLISHED LAWS TO KEEP ORDER. ENLISTED POWERFUL LANDLORDS (COUNTS) TO GOVERN THE MANY REGIONS OF THE EMPIRE. Under his rule, Christianity spread and he was a deeply religious man. HE SPREAD CHRISTIANITY THROUGH HIS CONQUESTS AND ALSO ENCOURGAED AND SOMETIMES FORCED HIS SUBJECTS TO BECOME CHRISTIANS
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Charlemagne
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the king of the franks from ad 768 who conquered much of Europe and spread Christianity in the conquered regions.
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Monasteries
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were places where religious followers called monks practiced a life of prayer and worship
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Clovis and the franks
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They invaded Roman Gaul and defeated a Roman army. Clovis's kingdom spread from the Rhine River to the Pyrenees mountains and clovis was a Christian.
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Europe's Borders
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Major geographic features make up Europe's general boundaries. Europe borders the Atlantic ocean on the west and the artic ocean on the north and the Mediterranean sea serves as europes southern border. URAL MOUNTAINS SEPARATE EUROPE FROM ASIA
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Monasteries the growth
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During the middle ages monasteries arose across Europe. Monasteries were places where monks practiced a life of prayer and worship. Monks studied Christian works and made copies of the bible and they preserved and promoted beliefs and ideas of Christianity.
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What was feudalism and how did it work?
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AFTER CHARLEMAGNE'S DEATH, HIS 3 SONS FOUGHT EACH OTHER OVER POWER AND ENDED UP DIVIDING THE EMPIRE INTO 3 PARTS WHICH RESULTED IN A WEAK AND UNSTABLE KINGDOM. VARIOUS GROUPS TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THIS AND CONSTANT CONFLICT NAD WARFARE. The unstable and violent period led to the creation of a political and social system known as feudalism. it emerged largely as a way for kings and nobles to hold onto their land and power amid so much warfare It was a agreement between to groups of nobles lords and vassals. a lord would give their land to a lesser noble called a vassal and he would in exchange be in his court or army. Other vassals to defend the lord and his property.
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What role did serfs play in feudalism?
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Surfs were people who lived and worked on the land belonging to the vassal and they were at the bottom of the feudal society.
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Feudalism
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the political and social system of the middle ages in Europe, in which the lords gave land to vassals in exchange for service and loyalty.
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lord
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a powerful landholding noble
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serfs
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peasant farmer in feudal society, who labored for a noble in exchange for protection and certain rights.
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Feudal Structure
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Top= king - the top of feudal society who ruled over large areas of land. Second= Church officials and nobles- owned land and thus held much power and wealth Third= Knights- provided military service for nobles in exchange for a piece of land. Bottom= Peasants- known as serfs worked on noble land and performed backbreaking tasks
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knights
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a highly trained mounted warrior in the service of a noble during the European middle ages.
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EURASIAN LAND MASS
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CONTINOUOS STRETCH OF LAND THAT INCLUDES EUROPE AND ASIA-EUROPE OCCUPIES 1/5 OF IT.
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WATERWAYS
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RIVER TRAVEL HAS LONG PLAYED A KEY ROLE IN TRADE AND COMMUNICATIONS THROUGHOUT THE CONTINENET
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CLIMATE
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CLIMATE PATTERNS VARY-NORTHERN EUROPE HAS COLD WINTERS WHILE SOUTHERN EUROPE HAS MILD WINTERS AND HOT. DRY SUMMERS. MOST OF THE CONTIENENT RECEIVED PLENTY OF RAIN WHICH RESULTS IN MORE FARMLAND AND FORESTS. THIS CLIMATES HAS ENABLED AGRICULTURE TO THRIVE IN EUROPE. WARMER AREAS GROW CITRUS FRUITS AND IN WESTERN AREA, WHEAT AND BARLEY THRIVE
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What role did the manor system play in the economic structure of Europe during the Middle Ages?
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The manor system became the center of most economic activity because there was no long a strong central government. The land supplied residents with most of the things the residents needed. As a result, most activity took place on the manor and so trade wasn't needed.
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Manor
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the estate of feudal noble, usually including a fortified building or castle. Much of the estate consisted of farmland.
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Role of the Manor
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It is the main part of the nobles land is called the manor. the center is where the lord and his family lived. it was often fortified building or castle. surrounding the house was the lords estate. (most of the land was farmland).
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Manor life and economy
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Serfs lived and worked on the manor. The serfs farmed the land which made the economic basis of the manor system. feudalism had a major effect on the medieval economy. the land supplied residents with most of the things they needed. manors became worlds unto themselves, and few people ever left the property.
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Why did residents of the manor rarely have to leave?
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They rarely had to leave because the land on the manor supplied residents of most of the things they needed. activities like farming, to woodworking, to making wine- took place on the manor, so rarely few people ever left the property.
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What is chivalry?
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the code of conduct of medieval European knights, focusing on bravery, honor, and respect toward women and the weak.
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Age of Chivarly
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during the middle ages conflict broke out between lords. many times it settled in a quarrel simply by attacking each other. to do the fighting lords relied on nights who were skilled horse riders and fighters.
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Knighthood and chivalry
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knights were not merely professional fighters. they were expected to live by a code of honor known as chivalry. they had to demonstrate a strong religious faith and wiliness to defend the catholic church. they were also expected to protect women and the weak. were expected to fight against injustice and show courage in every battle they fought. they used weapons such as battering rams and catapults. during a siege they would try to prevent from food or supplies to entering the castle that way the people would surrender. They fought in return for land
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how was a knight expected to act under the honor code of chivalry?
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A knight was expected to demonstrate a strong religious faith and willingness to defend the catholic church. they were also expected to protect women and the weak. they were suppose to fight against injustice and show courage in every battle.
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What was town life like during the middle ages?
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Town life was that many towns were very dirty, cramped, and busy places. there was a market square and cathedral in center of the town. the streets were narrow, filthy, and usually not paved. after the rain the streets turned to mud that was knee deep, and many houses made of wood easily burned down.
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Towns
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towns began to return to Europe do that the lords became increasingly powerful and brought peace to many regions, so people felt safe and secure. merchants would travel freely and trade goods. the towns on the other hand were very dirty, cramped, and busy places. the center of the town were the market square and cathedral. the streets were very narrow, filthy, and usually not paved. after a rain the streets would be knee deep in mud and houses made of wood would catch on fire. towns would often burn down.
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Guilds
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people with the same occupation formed groups called guilds. Many guilds were formed by tradespeople such as goldsmiths, bakers, weavers, and dyers. they made rules that controlled the quantity and quality of production. they watched out for their members and made sure every one was employed. the formation of guilds was one of many unique aspects of life in medieval Europe.
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What led to the growth of towns in Medieval Europe?
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town life began to return to Europe, because that the number of lords became increasingly powerful. they brought peace and stability to many regions and people felt more safe and secure. merchants would travel more freely and wherever merchants settled other people would to.
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guilds
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an association of people sharing a trade or craft intended to control the quality and quantity of their production and to protect their interests.
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What similarities did the feudal societies in Europe and Japan share?😗
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They both developed as a result of a weak central government and individual land owners were able to gain power. They both had peasants that worked for them and both had trained soldiers. They also both had strong military leaders. Personal loyalty was valued in both regions and they both unwritten codes.
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Two feudal systems
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Japanese and European feudal systems developed as a weak central government. The Japanese emperor had no real power.after the Frankish king Charlemagne died the European Kings had no real power either. Strong central governments did not exist. Landowners were able to gain power in both regions. Lords -europe daimyo-Japan
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Similar structures
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Lords and Daimyo had many peasants work for them. Farming was main economic activity for both regions. Both had trained soldiers called the samurai in Japan and Knights in Europe. Both had strong military leaders. Shogun were the military leaders in Japan
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Similar values 🙏
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In the feudal system in both regions loyalty was greatly valued. The military skills of both Knights and samurai were valued. They both followed codes Knights followed chivalry and were kind to weak and loyal to a lord and courageous in battle. The samurai followed bushido and were generous,fearless in battle, and above all loyal to their lord it daimyo.
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What values did both the European and feudal cultures admire.
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They both admired personal loyalty and military skills. They also both expected military to follow a unwritten code.
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How did european and Japanese feudalism differ
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They differed in religion because they practiced different religions. They also differed in literature different types of literature was popular in each region. Lastly the role of women is different because I'm Europe women had limited roles. , they would we've spin and farm and in Japan women had more equal status with men and could inherit part of their estate and some became samurai
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Religion
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Both samurai and Knights were expected to be religious. How ever the 2 groups practiced different things Knights were Christians and samurai practiced Shintoism and Buddhism .😘
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Literature
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The literature in feudal Europe and Japan is different. Poetry thrived in both regions but types of poetry that were popular were totally different. Haiku was popular in Japan and in Europe epic poems were popular and lyric poetry was also popular.
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Women in Europe
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Lyric poetry praised women there roles were limited. They had no say in who they married. The women's father and future husband made the decision. They were expected to stay home and were trained in household chores such as sewing weaving and farming.
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Women in Japan
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Women in feudal Japan enjoyed more equal status with men. In samurai families women were allowed to inherit part of the families estate and could join Buddhist convents. Were expected to live to values of honor and courage. Often were trained in martial arts. Some fought along side husbands but their roles were limited
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How did the main styles of poetry in medieval Europe and Japan differ
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They differed Because certain types of poetry was popular in each region and in Japan haiku was really popular and in Europe epic poem was really popular
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What lasting legacy did feudal society leave in Europe and Japan
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Both of the unwritten codes of chivalry and bushido are still used today in both cultures because In Japan they still have a strong sense of duty and loyalty to their family and I'm Europe they are still loyal and show much honer
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Legacies of feudalism
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Both Japan and Europe left legacies. Japan: many Japanese weddings are based off Shinto religion. Haiku continues to be popular. They have a strong sense of duty and loyalty to the family. These attitudes are from bushido🙏✋ Europe- ideas of loyalty and honor still remain in Europe especially within the military. Many family names are medieval and in medieval times people took their name from their job. Many medieval structures churches and castles still stand.(the most important one is the Catholic Church 🇬🇧🏯⛪️💒
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What impact did the code of bushido have on Japan ?
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It impacted Japan because the attitudes based off of bushido like a strong sense of duty and loyalty to their families is still practiced today.
