Chapter 9, Cell Division and Cancer, Bio 101 – Flashcards
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Identify the process that occurs at each phase of the cell cycle
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G1:cell prepares to replicate DNA S: DNA synthesized G2: sister chromatids are present M: mitosis occurs
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Cell division is used for all of the following except: replacing skin cells separated by a paper cut growth of a single cell into a baby production of hormones growth of a child into an adult replacing blood cells that have died
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production of hormones
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what is the function of the mitotic spindle?
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separating sister chromatids
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Cell division by mitosis is a mechanism of asexual cell replication. Some single-cell organisms reproduce by cell division, and cell division enables multicellular organisms to grow and to repair damaged cells. Which of the following are products of cell division by mitosis?
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two daughter cells with identical chromosomes
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At the G2 checkpoint, the cells pause to
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make sure that all chromosomes have been copied and are undamaged
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During the cell cycle, the cell must pass through several checkpoints that confirm that the cell is ready to progress to the next phase of the cycle. If the requirements of one phase have not been met, the cell cannot proceed to the next phase. These checkpoints help control the rate of cell division. If a mutation disables one of these checkpoints, what is most likely to happen?
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cells begin dividing faster, leading to cancer
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Match each description of cellular events with the checkpoint in the cell cycle where it takes place.
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G1 Checkpoint: cell resources and size are assessed to determine whether to proceed M Checkpoint: all chromatids are checked for proper attachment to spindle fibers G2 Checkpoint: DNA is checked to be sure all chromosomes have been duplicated without damage
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In general, what causes normal cells to become cancer cells
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loss of cell cycle control
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Why does radiation increase the risk of cancer reoccurring
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Exposure to radiation can damage the DNA of normal cells, which can contribute to cancer.
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The process of ___ is used to replace damaged or worn out cells
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cell division
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A biologist measures the amount of DNA in cells growing in a laboratory. She should find that the amount of DNA doubles
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during S phase
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Which of the following is an example of cells undergoing mitosis and cytokinesis
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a tree producing new branches, a wound healing over with a scar, a new embryo growing, and dead skin cells being replaced
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A newly divided cell grows to mature size during
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G1
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At the end of the S phase, cells have ____ set(s) of genetic material, compared to a cell at the beginning of S phase.
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2
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Colchicine is a drug that interferes with microtubule formation. Microtubules are the structures that help separate sister chromatids. Which stage of the cell cycle would colchicine affect?
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mitosis
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A specific gene, called GRAB, prevents a cell from entering mitosis if there are any signs of DNA damage. This means that GRAB would be a type of
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cell cycle checkpoint
