Microbiology Chapter 9 And 10 – Flashcards
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Unlock answers Definition: Reduction in the number of
Ex: Iodine; alcohol
Comments: Antiseptics are frequently disinfectants |
Antisepsis |
Definition :Refers to an environment or procedure
Ex: Preparation of surgical field;
Comments: Scientists, laboratory technicians, and |
Aseptic |
Def: Suffixes indicating destruction of a type
Ex: Bactericide; fungicide;
Comm: Germicides include ethylene oxide, |
-cide -cidal |
Def: Removal of microbes by mechanical
Ex: Handwashing; alcohol swabbing
Comm: Chemicals play a secondary role to the |
Degerming |
Def: Destruction of most microorganisms and
Ex: Phenolics; alcohols; aldehydes;
Comm: The term is used primarily in relation to |
Disinfection |
Def: Use of heat to destroy pathogens
Ex: Pasteurized milk and fruit juices
Comm: Heat treatment is brief to minimize alteration |
Pasteurization |
Def: Removal of pathogens from objects to
Ex: Washing tableware in scalding
Comm: Standards of sanitization vary among |
Sanitization |
Def: Suffixes indicating inhibition, but not
Ex: Bacteriostatic; fungistatic;
Comm: Germistatic agents include some chemicals, |
-stasis -static |
Def: Destruction of all microorganisms and Ex: Preparation of microbiological Comm: Typically achieved by steam under pressure, |
Sterilization |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis
Spectrum of action: Gram-positive
Route of administration: Topical
Adverse effects: Toxic to kidneys |
Bacitracin |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Representative natural penicillins: Penicillin G, Penicillin V Representative semisynthetic cephalosporins: Cefixime, Ceftriaxone
Penicillium (penicillins) and |
Beta-lactams |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Blocks the gene for an enzyme that
Spectrum of action: Mycobacteria,
Route of administration: Oral
Adverse effects: May be toxic to liver |
Isoniazid (isonicotinic acid
|
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis Directly interferes with the formation
Spectrum of action: Effective against
Route of administration: IV
Adverse effects: Damage to ears and
|
Vancomycin |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Protein Synthesis Gentamicin,Streptomycin, Tobramycin Inhibit protein synthesis
Spectrum of action: Broad: effective
Route of administration: IV; do not
Adverse effects: Toxic to kidneys and
|
Aminoglycosides |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Protein Synthesis Spectrum of action: Broad, but rarely
Route of administration: Oral;
Adverse effects: In 1 of 24,000 |
Chloramphenicol |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Protein Synthesis Azithromycin, Erythromycin Spectrum of action: Effective against
Route of administration: Oral; do not
Adverse effects: Nausea, mild gastrointestinal |
Macrolides |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Protein Synthesis Doxycycline, Tetracycline Carry amino acids,
Spectrum of action: Most are broad:
Adverse effects: Nausea, diarrhea, |
Tetracyclines |
Antibacterial Drugs That Alter Cytoplasmic Membranes Spectrum of action: Effective
Route of administration: Topical
Adverse effects: Toxic to kidneys |
Polymyxin |
Antibacterial Drugs That Are Antimetabolites Sulfadiazine, Sulfadoxine, Sulfanilamide Synthetic drugs; first produced as a dye; Spectrum of action: Broad: effective Adverse effects: Rare: allergic
|
Sulfonamides |
Antibacterial Drugs That Are Antimetabolites Blocks second metabolic step in the
Spectrum of action: Broad: effective
Adverse effects: Allergic reactions or |
Trimethoprim
|
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis Representatives: Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin Synthetic agents that inhibit DNA
Spectrum of action: Broad: G+ and |
Fluoroquinolones |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis Representative: Metronidazole flagl
Spectrum of action: Obligate
Adverse effect: hairy black tongue |
Nitroimidazoles |
Antibacterial Drugs That Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis Representatives: Rifampin
Bind to bacterial RNA polymerase,
Spectrum of action: Bacteriostatic |
Rifamycin |
Antiviral Drugs That Inhibit Viral Uncoating Neutralizes acid environment within
Spectrum of action: Influenza A virus Adverse effects: Toxuc to central |
Amantadine Rimantadine |
Antiviral Drugs That Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis
Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis
Spectrum of action: Viruses that code |
Acyclovir (ACV) |
Antiviral Drugs That Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis Representatives: Azidothymidine (AZT Inhibits DNA synthesis; viral reverse transcriptase
Spectrum of action: HIV, hepatitis B |
Nucleotide analogs |
Antiviral Drugs That Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis; viral DNA polymerase
Spectrum of action: Respiratory
Adverse effects: Perhaps harmful to |
Ribavirin |
Antiviral Drugs That Inhibit Viral Proteins
Which is unique to HIV, allowed
Spectrum of action: HIV
|
Protease inhibitors |
Antifungal Drugs That Inhibit Cell Membranes Representatives: Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Ketoconazole, Voriconazole
Antifungal action due to inhibition of
Spectrum of action: Fungi and |
Azoles |
Antifungal Drugs That Inhibit Cell Membranes Representatives: Amphotericin B, Nystatin
Associate with molecules of ergosterol,
Spectrum of action: Fungi, some
Route of administration:
Adverse effects: Chills, vomiting, fever |
Polyenes |
Anthelmintic Drugs That Are Antimetabolites Changes membrane permeability to
Spectrum of action: Cestodes,
|
Praziquantel |
Antiprotozoan Drugs That Are Antimetabolites Spectrum of action: Protozoa,
Adverse effects: Possible rash, |
Atovaquone |
Antiprotozoan Drugs That Inhibit DNA Synthesis Representatives:Natural quinine, Semisynthetic quinines: Chloroquine Mefloquine, Primaquine
Derived from the bark of cinchona
Spectrum of action: Plasmodium |
Quinolones |