Chapter 9 Airway Management EMT – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What does the upper airway consist of?
answer
Nose, Mouth, Jaw, Oral Cavity, Pharynx, and Larynx
question
What is the main function of the upper airway?
answer
to warm, filter, and humidify the air that enters the body
question
What does the Pharynx consist of?
answer
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, and Laryngopharynx
question
What does the Lower Airway consist of?
answer
Trachea, Bronchi, and Lungs
question
What is the main function of the lower airway?
answer
to exchange Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
question
What is in the Mediastinum?
answer
Heart and Great Vessels, Esophagus, Trachea, Major Bronchi, and Nerves
question
What is Ventilation?
answer
Physical act of breathing
question
What is Oxygenation?
answer
process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream
question
What is Respiration?
answer
Actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissue of the body
question
What is Inhalation?
answer
Muscular Part of breathing, diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
question
What is partial pressure?
answer
amount of gas in the air or dissolved fluid
question
The Partial Pressure of oxygen in air residing the alveoli is
answer
104 mmHg
question
What regulates breathing?
answer
the pH level in the cerebrospinal fluid
question
Oxygenation is required for ______ to take place.
answer
internal respiration
question
Cells take energy from nutrients via ___
answer
metabolism
question
Where does pulmonary respiration take place?
answer
capillaries
question
Chemoreceptors monitor the levels of _____.
answer
Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrogen Ions, and pH of cerebrospinal fluid
question
What happens when ventilation is compromised but perfusion continues? What is the result?
answer
not all alveoli are enriched with oxygen Results in hypoxemia.
question
What happens when Perfusion across the aveolar membrane is disrupted? What is the result?
answer
Disruption in the blood flow does not allow for optimal exchange in gases across the membrane Results in hypoxemia
question
Intrinsic factors affecting pulmonary ventilation
answer
Infections, allergic reactions, and unresponsiveness. Results in hypoxia and hinder adequate tissue perfusion
question
Medication factors affecting pulmonary ventilaton
answer
lower respiration rate and tidal volume Results in Hypercarbia, increased Carbon Dioxide levels in the blood stream
question
Trauma to the head/spinal cord factors affecting pulmonary ventilation
answer
interrupts nervous control of ventilation Results in decreased respiratory function and even failure.
question
Extrinsic Factors affecting pulmonary ventilation
answer
blunt or penetrating trauma and burns disrupts airflow through the trachea and into the lungs
question
Adequate Breathing for adults
answer
12-20 breaths/min
question
Adequate Breathing for children
answer
15-30 breaths/min
question
Adequate Breathing for infants
answer
25-50 breaths/min
question
What factors create inaccurate pulse oximeter readings?
answer
hypervolemia, anemia, severe peripheral vasoconstriction, nail polish, or dirty fingers.
question
What is OPA?
answer
Inserted through the mouth of an unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking the upper airway and to facilitate suctioning the airway
question
What are OPA indications?
answer
Unresponsive patient without gag reflex Any apneic patient being ventilated with a bag-mask device
question
What are OPA contraindications?
answer
conscious or semi-conscious, gag reflex, clenched teeth, or oral trauma
question
Complications of OPA?
answer
vomiting, laryngospasm, injury to hard/soft palate, airway obstruction
question
What is NPA?
answer
Inserted through the nostril of an patient who is unable to maintain airway patency independently
question
What are NPA indications?
answer
conscious or semiconscious adults with or without gag reflex, Children older than 12 months of age, teeth are clenched and OPA cannot be inserted, Oral Trauma
question
What are NPA contraindications?
answer
Infants less than 12 months, Severe head injury with blood draining from the nose, History or suspect of fractured nasal bone
question
What are NPA complications?
answer
vomiting, laryngospasm, injury and pressure necrosis to nasal mucusa, laceration of adenoids or tissue lining to nasal cavity, severe nosebleed, airway obstruction if kinked or clogged
question
External Factors affecting respirations
answer
decreased atmospheric pressure at high altitudes
question
Internal Factors affecting respirations
answer
pneumonia, COPD, etc
question
What can compromise circulation?
answer
trauma emegencies typically obstruct blood flow
question
Explain Adequate Breathing for adults
answer
12-20 breaths per minute regular inhalation/exhalation pattern bilateral clear lungs adequate breaths chest rise and fall
question
Never suction the mouth or nose for more than __ seconds at one time for an adult
answer
15
question
Never suction the mouth or nose for more than __ seconds at one time for a child
answer
10
question
Never suction the mouth or nose for more than __ seconds at one time for an infant
answer
5
question
Suctioning too long can result in
answer
Hypoxia
question
What is the preferred way to give oxygen in the prehospital setting?
answer
nonrebreathing mask; 10-15 L/min
question
What delivers oxygen through two small tubelike prongs?
answer
nasal cannula
question
Nasal Cannula can provide ___ to ___% inspired oxygen when the flowmeter is set to 1-6 L/ min?
answer
24% to 44%
question
The process by which carbon dioxide moves form a high concentration in the capillaries to a lower concentration in the alveoli is:
answer
diffusion
question
The aspect of natural ventilation that involves the diaphragm contracting and the chest wall expanding is
answer
inhalation
question
What does the upper airway consist of?
answer
Pharynx, Mouth, Epiglottis, and Larynx
question
What does the lower airway consist of?
answer
Trachea, Alveoli, Bronchioles, and Main Bronchi
question
The process by which carbon dioxide moves form a high concentration in the capillaries to a lower concentration in the alveoli is:
answer
diffusion
question
A patient who is developing early stages of hypoxia may exhibit:
answer
restlessness, irritability, apprehension, tachycardia, anxiety
question
A patient who takes an occasional gasping after his heart has stopped has ___ respirations
answer
agonal
question
When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, it is important to:
answer
measure the size from the tip of the nose to the earlobe, ensure the bevel faces the septum when inserting into the right nare, and lubricating the airway with a water based lubrincant
question
If a D-sized oxygen cylinder contains 300 L of oxygen and is at 2,000 psi at the start of a call, the best estimate for the amount of time a patient can receive 15 L/min with a nonreabreathing mask is:
answer
20 minutes
question
Properly performed suctioning of a patient may still cause
answer
vomiting
question
When using a bag-valve mask device, what key finding should you observe to assure adequate ventilation?
answer
good chest rise and fall
question
The most common complication of the flow restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device is:
answer
gastric distention
question
The structure also known as the windpipe is:
answer
the trachea
question
Fresh air breathed into the lungs contains about what percentage of oxygen?
answer
21%
question
Cells needs a constant supply of oxygen to suvive. Some cells may become severely or permanetley damaged after what period of time without oxygen?
answer
4-6 minutes
question
With an oxygen rate of 15 L'min and an adequate mask to mouth seal, a bag-mas device with an oxygen reservoir can deliver what percentage of oxygen?
answer
100%
question
What is ventilation?
answer
physical act of breathing
question
What is Oxygenation?
answer
Process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in blood stream
question
What is Respiration
answer
actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as the tissue of the body
question
What is the partial pressure of oxygen in air residing in alveoli?
answer
104 mmHg
question
A patient who is developing late stages of hypoxia may exhibit:
answer
mental status changes, thready pulse, cyanosis
question
Fresh air breathed into the lungs contains about what percentage of nitrogen?
answer
78%
question
Fresh air breathed into the lungs contains about what percentage of Carbon Dioxide?
answer
0.3%
question
What is aerobic metabilism?
answer
metabolism that can proceed only in th presence of oxygen
question
What is anaerobic metabolism?
answer
the metabolism that takes place in the absence of oxygen
question
The is the product of anaerobic metabolism?
answer
lactic acid
question
Describe chemoreceptors
answer
monitor the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and pH of the cerebrospinal fluid and then provides feedback to the respiratory centers to modify the rate and depth of breathing base on the body's needs at any given time
question
Describe central chemoreceptors
answer
located in the medulla, respond quickly to slight elevations in carbon dioxide, or decrease in the pH of cerebrospinal fluid
question
Describe peripheral chemoreceptors
answer
located in the carotid arteries and aortic arch, are sensitive to decreased levels of oxygen in arterial blood as well as to low pH levels
question
Describe dorsal respiratory group
answer
responsible for initiating inspiration based on the information received from the chemoreceptors
question
What does the apneustic center stimulate?
answer
Dorsal respiratory group, resulting in slower, longer respirations
question
What is the ventral respiratory group's primary responsibility?
answer
motor control of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles
question
What does the pneumotaxic center help shut off?
answer
the dorsal respiratory group, resulting in shorter, faster respirations
question
What is adequate breathing for adults?
answer
12-20 breaths/min
question
What is adequate breathing for children?
answer
15-30 breaths/min
question
What is adequate breathing for infants?
answer
25-50 breaths/min
question
What can cause inacurate reading on the pulse oximeter?
answer
hypervolemia, anemia, sever peripheral vasoconstriction, and nail polish/dirty fingers
question
What is OP airway?
answer
inserted through the mouth of unresponsive patient to keep the tongue from blocking upper airway and facilitate suctioning
question
What is the indication for OP airway?
answer
unresponsive with no gag reflex. Apneic patient being ventilated with a bag-mask device
question
What is the contraindiction for OP airway?
answer
conscious patient with gag reflex
question
What is NP airway?
answer
inserted through the nostril of patient who is unable to maintain airway potency independently
question
What is indication for NP airway?
answer
Semiconscious or unconscious with an intact gag reflex and will not tolerate the OP airway
question
What is contraindiction for NP airway?
answer
severe head injury with blood drainage from the nose or history of fractured nasal bone
question
What is considered using accessory muscles?
answer
sternocleidomastoid
question
What part of the airway serves as the functional site for gas exchange?
answer
alveoli
question
As you approach the patient, he begins to should "Hurry up and take care of me, will you!" Early sings of hypoxia includes:
answer
irritability
question
What supplemental oxygen device should you have your partner apply to a hypoxic patient?
answer
nonrebreathing mask
question
Your patient tells you that he has a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, and high cholesterol. Patients with COPD are stimulated to breath by the
answer
hypoxic drive
question
While en route to the emergency department, the patient's level of coniousness diminshes, his respiratory rate decreased to 4 breaths/min his lips have a blue tint, and the pulse oximeter is not reading 65%. You should begin delivering artificial breaths with a bag-mask device at a rate of one breath every:
answer
5-6 seconds
question
When ventilating a patient, the volume of air delivered to the patient is based on:
answer
chest rise
question
Seizures and strokes are examples of what type of medical emergency?
answer
neurologic
question
Your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness is called the
answer
index of suspicion
question
AEROBIC METABOLISM
answer
METABOLISM THAT CAN PROCEED ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF OXYGEN. (BI-PRODUCTS ARE WATER AND CARBON DIXOIDE)
question
AGONAL RESPIRATIONS
answer
OCCASIONAL, GASPING BREATHS THAT OCCUR AFTER THE HEART HAS STOPPED.
question
AIRWAY
answer
THE UPPER AIRWAY TRACT OR THE PASSAGE ABOVE THE LARYNX WHICH INCLUDES THE NOSE, MOUTH AND THROAT.
question
ALVEOLAR VENTILATION
answer
THE VOLUME OF AIR THAT REACHES THE ALVEOLI. IT IS DETERMINED BY SUBTRACTING THE AMOUNT OF DEAD SPACE AIR FROM THE TIDAL VOLUME.
question
AMERICAN STANDARD SYSTEM
answer
A SAFETY SYSTEM FOR LARGE OXYGEN CYLINDERS, DESIGNED TO PREVENT THE ACCIDENTAL ATTACHMENT OF A REGULATOR TO A CYLINDER CONTAINING THE WRONG TYPE OF GAS
question
ANAEROBIC METABOLISM
answer
THE METABOLISM THAT TAKES PLACE IN THE ABSENCE OF OXYGEN. (BI-PRODUCT IS LACTIC ACID)
question
APNEA
answer
ABSCENCE OF SPONTANEOUS BREATHING.
question
ASPIRATION
answer
THE INTRODUCTION OF VOMITUS OR OTHER FOREIGN MATERIAL INTO THE LUNGS.
question
ATAXIC RESPIRATIONS
answer
IRREGULAR, INEFFECTIVE RESPIRATIONS THAT MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE AN IDENTIFIABLE PATTERN.
question
AUTOMATIC TRANSPORT VENTILATOR (ATV)
answer
A VENTILATION DEVICE ATTACHED TO A CONTROL BOX THAT ALLOWS THE VARIABLES OF VENTILATION TO BE SET. IT FRES THE EMT TO PERFORM OTHER TASKS WHILE THE PATIENT IS BEING VENTILATED.
question
BAG-MASK DEVICE
answer
A DEVICE WITH A ONE-WAY VALVE AND A FACE MASK ATTACHED TO A VENTILATION BAG; WHEN ATTACHED TO A RESERVOIR AND CONNECTED TO OXYGEN, DELIVERS MORE THAN 90% SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN.
question
BARRIER DEVICE
answer
A PROTECTIVE ITEM, SUCH AS A POCKET MASK WITH A VALVE, THAT LIMITES EXPOSURE TO A PATIENT'S BODY FLUIDS.
question
BILATERAL
answer
A BODY PART OR CONDITION THAT APPEARS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE MIDLINE.
question
BRONCHIOLES
answer
SUBDIVISION OF THE SMALLER BRONCHI IN THE LUNGS; MADE SMOOTH MUSCLE AND DILATE OR CONSTRICT IN RESPONSE TO VARIOUS STIMULI.
question
CARINA
answer
POINT AT WHICH THE TRACHEA BIFURCATES (DIVIDES) INTO THE LEFT AND RIGHT MAINSTEM BRONCHI.
question
CHEMORECEPTORS
answer
MONITOR THE LEVELS OF 02, C02 AND THE pH OF THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND THEN PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE RESPIRATORY CENTERS TO MODIFY THE RATE AND DEPTH OF BREATHING BASED ON THE BODY'S NEEDS AT ANY GIVEN TIME.
question
COMPLIANCE
answer
THE ABILITY OF THE ALVEOLI TO EXPAND WHEN AIR IS DRAWN IN DURING INHALATION.
question
CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE (CPAP)
answer
A METHOD OF VENTILATION USED PRIMARILY IN THE TREATMENT OF CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS; CAN PREVENT THE NEED FOR ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION.
question
CRICOID PRESSURE
answer
PRESSURE ON THE CRICOID CARTILAGE; APPLIED TO OCCLUDE THE ESOPHAGUS TO INHIBIT GASTRIC DESTENTION AND REGURGITATION OF VOMITUS IN THE UNCONSCIOUS PATIENT.
question
DEAD SPACE
answer
THE PORTION OF THE TIDAL VOLUME THAT DOES NOT REACH THE ALVEOLI AND THUS DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN GAS EXCHANGE.
question
DIFFUSION
answer
A PROCESS IN WHICH MOLECULES MOVE FROM AN AREA OF HIGHER CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOWER CONCENTRATION.
question
DYSPNEA
answer
SHORTNESS OF BREATH
question
EXHALATION
answer
THE PASSIVE PART OF THE BREATHING PROCESS IN WHICH THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES RELAX, FORCING AIR OUT OF THE LUNGS.
question
EXTERNAL RESPIRATION
answer
THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE LUNGS AND THE BLOOD CELLS IN THE PULMONARY CAPILLARIES; ALSO CALLED PULMONARY RESPIRATION.
question
GAG REFLEX
answer
A NORMAL REFLEX MECHANISM THAT CAUSES RETCHING; ACTIVATED BY TOUCHING THE SOFT PALATE OR THE BACK OF THE THROAT.
question
GASTRIC DISTENTION
answer
A CONDITION IN WHICH AIR FILLS THE STOMACH, OFTEN AS A RESULT OF HIGH VOLUME AND PRESSURE DURING ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION.
question
GLOTTIS
answer
THE SPACE IN BETWEEN THE VOCAL CORDS THAT IS THE NARROWEST PORTION OF THE ADULT'S AIRWAY, ALSO CALLED THE GLOTTIC OPENING.
question
GOOD AIR EXCHANGE
answer
A TERM USED TO DISTINGUISH THE DEGREE OF DISTRESS IN A PATIENT WITH A MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. WITH GOD AIR EXCHANGE THE PATIENT IS STILL CONSCIOUS AND ABLE TO COUGH FORCEFULLY, ALTHOUGH WHEEZING MAY BE HEARD.
question
HEAD TILT-CHIN LIFT MANEUVER
answer
A COMBINATION OF TWO MOVEMENTS TO OPEN THE AIRWA BY TILTING THE FOREHEAD BACK AND LIFTING THE CHIN; NOT USED FOR TRAUMA PATIENTS.
question
HYPERCARBIA
answer
INCREASED CARBON DIOXIDE LEVEL IN THE BLOODSTREAM.
question
HYPOXIA
answer
A DANGEROUS CONDITION IN WHICH THE BODY TISSUES AND CELLS DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH OXYGEN.
question
HYPOXIC DRIVE
answer
A CONDITION IN WHICH CHRONICALLY LOW LEVELS OF OXYGEN IN THE BLOOD STIMULATE THE RESPIRATORY DRIVE, SEEN IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LUNG DISEASES.
question
INHALATION
answer
THE ACTIVE, MUSCULAR PART OF BREATHING THAT DRAWS AIR INTO THE AIRWAY AND LUNGS.
question
INTERNAL RESPIRATION
answer
THE EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE BLOOD CELLS AND THE TISSUES.
question
INTRAPULMONARY SHUNTING
answer
BYPASSING OF OXYGEN POOR BLOOD PAST NONFUNCTIONAL ALVEOLI TO THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART.
question
JAW-THRUST
answer
TECHNIQUE TO OPEN THE AIRWAY BY PLACING THE FINGERS BEHIND THE ANGLE OF THE JAW AND BRINING THE JAW FORWARD; USED FOR PATIENTS WHO MAY HAVE A CERVICAL SPINE INJURY.
question
LABORED BREATHING
answer
BREATHING THAT REQUIRES GREATER THAN NORMAL EFFORT; MAY BE SLOWER OR FASTER THAN NORMAL AND USUALLY REQUIRES THE USE OF ACCESSORY MUSCLES.
question
LARYNX
answer
A COMPLEX STRUCTURE FORMED BY MANY INDEPENDENT CARTILAGINOUS STRUCTURES THAT ALL WORK TOGETHER; WHERE THE UPPER AIRWAY ENDS AND THE LOWER AIRWAY BEGINS; ALSO CALLED THE VOICE BOX.
question
MANUALLY TRIGGERED VENTILATION DEVICE
answer
A FIXED FLOW/RATE VENTILATION DEVICE THAT DELIVERS A BREATH EVERYTIME ITS BUTTON IS PUSHED; ALSO REFERRED TO AS A FLOW-RESTICTED, OXYGEN POWERED VENTILATION DEVICE.
question
MEDIASTINUM
answer
SPACE WITHIN THE CHEST THAT CONTAINS THE HEART, MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS, VAGUS NERVE, TRACHEA, MAJOR BRONCHI AND ESOPHAGUS; LOCATED BETWEEN THE TWO LUNGS.
question
METABOLISM (CELLULAR RESPIRATION)
answer
THE BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES THAT RESULT IN PRODUCTION OF ENERGY FROM NUTRIENTS WITHIN THE CELLS.
question
MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
answer
OCCURS WHENA FOREIGN BODY PARTIALLY OBSTRUCTS THE PATIENT'S AIRWAY. THE PATIENT IS ABLE TO MOVE ADEQUATE AMOUNTS OF AIR, BUT ALSO EXPERIENCES SOME DEGREE OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS.
question
MINUTE VENTILATION
answer
THE VOLUME OF AIR MOVED THROUGH THE LUNGS IN 1 MINUTE MINUS THE DEAD SPACE; CALCULATED BY MULTIPLYING TIDAL VOLUME (MINUS DEAD SPACE) AND RESPIRATORY RATE; ALSO REFERRED TO AS MINUTE VOLUME.
question
NASAL CANNULA
answer
AN OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICE IN WHICH THE OXYGEN FLOWS THROUGH TWO SMALL, TUBELIKE PRNOGS THAT FIT INTO THE PATIENT'S NOSTRILS; DELIVERS 24%-44% SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN, DEPENDING ON THE FLOW RATE.
question
NASOPHARYNGEAL (NASAL) AIRWAY
answer
AIRWAY ADJUNCT INSERTED INTO THE NOSTRIL OF AN UNRESPONSIVE PATIENT, OR A PATIENT WITH AN ALTERED LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS WHO IS UNABLE TO MAINTAIN AIRWAY PATENCY INDEPENDENTLY.
question
NASOPHARYNX
answer
THE NASAL CAVITY; FORMED BY THE UNION OF FACIAL BONES AND PROTECTS THE RESPIRATORY TRACT FROM CONTAMINANTS.
question
NONREBREATHING MASK
answer
A COMBINATION MASK AND RESERVOIR BAG SYSTEM THAT IS THE PREFERRED WAY TO GIVE OXYGEN IN THE PREHOSPITAL SETTING; DELIVERS UP TO 90% INSPIRED OXYGEN AND PREVENTS INHALING THE EXHALED GASES (CARBON DIXOIDE)
question
OROPHARYNGEAL (ORAL) AIRWAY
answer
AIRWAY ADJUNCT INSERTED INTO THE MOUTH OF AN UNRESPONSIVE PATIENT TO KEEP THE TOUNGE FROM BLOCKING THE UPPER AIRWAY AND TO FACILITATE SUCTIONING THE AIRWAY IF NECESSARY.
question
OROPHARYNX
answer
FORMS THE POSTERIOR PORTION OF THE ORGAL CAVITY, WHICH IS BORDERED SUPERIORLY BY THE HARD AND OFT PALATES, LATERALLY BY THE CHEEKS, AND INFERIORLY BY THE TOUNGE.
question
OXYGENATION
answer
THE PROCESS OF DELIVERING OXYGEN TO THE BLOOD BY DIFFUSION FROM THE ALVEOLI FOLLOWING INHALATION INTO THE LUNGS.
question
PARIETAL PLEURA
answer
THIN MEMBRANE THAT LINES THE CHEST CAVITY.
question
PARTIAL PRESSURE
answer
THE TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE AMOUNT OF GAS IN AIR OR DISSOLVED IN FLUID, SUCH AS BLOOD.
question
PATENT
answer
OPEN CLEAR OF OBSTRUCTION
question
PHRENIC NERVE
answer
NERVE THAT INNERVATES THE DIAPHRAGM; NECESSARY FOR ADEQUATE BREATHING TO OCCUR.
question
PIN-INDEXING SYSTEM
answer
A SYSTEM ESTABLISHED FOR PORTABLE CYLINDERS TO ENSURE THAT A REGULATOR IS NOT CONNECTED TO A CYLINDER CONTAINING THE WRONG TYPE OF GAS.
question
PNEUMOTHORAX
answer
A PARTIAL OR COMPLETE ACCUMULATION OF AIR IN THE PLEURAL SPACE.
question
POOR AIR EXCHANGE
answer
A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE THE DEGREE OF DISTRESS IN A PATIENT WITH A MILD AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. WITH POOR AIR EXCHANGE, THE PATIENT OFTEN HAS A WEAK, INEFFECTIVE COUGH, INCREASED DIFFICULTY BREATHING, OR POSSIBLE CYANOSIS AND MAY PRODCE A HIGH-PITCHED NOISE DURING INHALATION (STRIDOR)
question
POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE (PEEP)
answer
MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE O PRESURE IN THE AIRWAY AT THE END OF EXPIRATION TO INCREASE THE VOLUME OF GAS REMAINING IN THE LUNGS.
question
PULSE OXIMETRY
answer
AN ASSESSMENT TOOL THAT MEASURES OXYGEN SATURATION OF HEMOGLOBIN IN THE CAPILLARY BEDS.
question
RECOVERY POSITION
answer
A SIDE-LYING POSITION USED TO MAINTAIN A CLEAR AIRWAY IN UNCONSCIOUS PATIENTS WITHOUT INJURIES WHO AE BREATHING ADEQUATELY.
question
RESIDUAL VOLUME
answer
THE AIR THAT REMAINS IN THE LUNGS AFTER MAXIMAL EXPIRATION.
question
RESPIRATION
answer
THE PROCESS OF EXCHANGING OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE.
question
RETRACTIONS
answer
MOVEMENTS IN WHICH THE SKIN PULLS IN AROUND THE RIBS DURING INSPIRATION.
question
SELLICK MANEUVER
answer
A TECHNIQUE THAT IS USED TO PREVENT GASTRIC DISTENTION IN WHICH PRESSURE IS APPLIED TO THE CRICOID CARTILAGE; ALSO REFERRED TO AS CRICOID PRESSURE.
question
SEVER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
answer
OCCURS WHEN A FOREIGN BODY COMPLETELY OBSTRUCTS THE PATIENT'S AIRWAY. PATIENT'S CANNOT BREATHE, TALK OR COUGH.
question
STOMA
answer
AN OPENING THROUGH THE SKIN AND INTO AN ORGAN OR OTHER STRUCTURE; A STOMA IN THE NECK CONNECTS THE TRACHEA DIRECTLY TO THE SKIN.
question
STRIDOR
answer
A HIGH-PITCHED NOISE HEARD PRIMARILY ON INSPIRATION.
question
SUCTION CATHETER
answer
A HOLLOW, CYLINDRICAL DEVICE USED TO REMOVE FLUID FROM THE PATIENT'S AIRWAY.
question
SURFACTANT
answer
A LIQUID PROTEIN SUBSTANCE THAT COATS THE ALVEOLI IN THE LUNGS, DECREASES ALVEOLAR SURFACE TENSION, AND KEEPS THE ALVEOLI EXPANDED; A LOW LEVEL IN A PREMATURE INFANT CONTRIBUTES TO RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME.
question
TENSION PNEUMOTHORAX
answer
A LIFE-THREANING COLLECTION OF AIR WITHIN THE PLEURAL SPACE; THE VOLUME AND PRESSURE HAVE BOTH COLLAPSED THE INVOLVED LUNG AND CAUSED A SHIFT OF THE MEDIASTINAL STRUCTURES TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE.
question
TIDAL VOLUME
answer
THE AMOUNT OF AIR (IN mL) THAT IS MOVED IN OR OUT OF THE LUNGS DURING ONE BREATH.
question
TONSIL TIPS
answer
LARGE, SEMIRIGID SUCTION TIPS RECOMMENDED FOR SUCTIONING THE PHARYNX; ALSO CALLED YANKAUER TIPS.
question
TRACHEOSTOMY
answer
SURGICAL OPENING INTO THE TRACHEA.
question
VENTILATION
answer
EXCHANGE OF AIR BETWEEN THE LUNGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT, SPONTANEOUSLY BY THE PATIENT OR WITH ASSISTANCE FROM ANOTHER PERSON, SUCH AS AN EMT.
question
VISCERAL PLEURA
answer
THIN MEMBRANE THAT COVERS THE LUNGS
question
VITAL CAPACITY
answer
THE AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE FORCIBLY EXPELLED FROM THE LUNGS AFTER BREATHING IN AS DEEPLY AS POSSIBLE.
question
VOCAL CORDS
answer
THIN WHITE BANDS OF TOUGH MUSCULAR TISSUE THAT ARE LATERAL BORDERS OF THE GLOTTIS AND SERVE AS THE PRIMARY CENTER FOR SPEECH PRODUCTION.
question
WHEEZING
answer
THE PRODUCTION OF WHISTLING SOUNDS DURING EXPIRATION SUCH AS OCCURS IN ASTHMA AND BRONCHIOLITIS.
question
Appropriate suctioning setting for adult
answer
between 80-120 mmHg
question
Appropriate suctioning setting for children
answer
between 50-100 mmHg
question
How to measure catheter insertion for OP?
answer
corner of mouth to edge of earlobe
question
What will occur with excessive negative pressure from OP suctioning?
answer
hypoxia
question
When should oxygen be removed?
answer
when suctioning is ready
question
Maximum suctioning time for Peds
answer
5-10 seconds
question
Maximum suctioning time for adults
answer
10-15 seconds
question
Rigid Catheter oxygen sourse ventilation rate for Adults
answer
10-20/minute
question
Rigid Catheter oxygen source ventilation rate for Peds
answer
12-20/minute
