Essay on Chapter 8 US History – Flashcards
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Urbanization
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Rapid growth of cities in the northeast and Midwest due to industrialism. Most of the new immigrants were moving to the cities due to the development of factories.
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Brooklyn Bridge
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built in 1883, it connects Brooklyn to Manhattan and at the time was considered the "eighth wonder of the world".
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Louis Sullivan
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Pioneered the first design in creating skyscrapers which used a limited amount of space. He also pioneer designed the Wainwright building in St. Louis, MO.
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Elisha Otis
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Invented the first elevator.
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Daniel Burnham
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Architect that create an overall plan for Chicago that included a lakefront of elegant parks.
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Public Parks
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Green space areas in cities set aside for recreational use.
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Frederick Law Olmstead
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He designed Central Park in NYC .
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Mass Transit
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Because of the influx of people and jobs, an above ground rail system was built. it allowed people to move across greater areas of the city in a short amount of time.
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Urban Problems
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Bad circulation, few windows for light, had to walk blocks to get water from street pumps, fire, crime, and most of the landlords were not required to make building repairs.
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Jacob Riis
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The author of "How the Other Half Lives", which explained the living conditions faced by poop urban residents.
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Suburbs
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Outer regions of cities.
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Color Style
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A writing style used by authors to describe scenes of landscape and customs of regional America.
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Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain)
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An author who set many of his stories in the Mississippi region and in the west. He would use exaggerated characters for comic effect.
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Horatio Alger JR.
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Author of the popular series "Rags to Riches" which were novels about fictional young men that rose to achieve great wealth. The young men thought they would achieve success if they were honest and hard workers.
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Louisa Mary Alcott
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Author if the series "Little Women" that dealt with young women and domestic life even though they would challenge traditional roles of women.
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Orville and Wilbur Wright
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Two american inventors that were brothers who are credited with building the first successful airplane.
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What was the new art form?
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Photograph.
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George Eastman (Kodak Company)
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In 1888, he invented the first box camera.
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What was importance of education based on?
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-Economic development depended upon the understanding of scientific technology. -Assimilation of immigrants into our culture. -Necessary for having a stable and growing democratic nation.
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Social Reforms
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After the Civil War, most states had created public schools, however most left after four years of training.
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John Dewey
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He was a reformer that used teaching methods to give children critical thinking and problem solving skills.
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Developments in Elementary school education
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-Emphasis on writing, reading, and arithmetic. -Memorization and lack of quality teachers made education less than positive. -Use of physical punishments to students made them less than willing to attend school.
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Developments in High School education
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-Classes to cover science, civics, economics, history, literature, and vocational training.
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Developments in College and University education
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-Growth in enrollment in mostly middle and upper class people. -Research universities offer courses in modern languages, engineering, economics, physical science, psychology, and sociology. -Law and medical schools created with lab experience offered at the medical schools.
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Education for Immigrants
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-Used the free public education system to help "Americanize" their children to our country. -Resentment of loosing their native language -Catholics feared that the King James (Protestent) version of the bible was being taught. -Night school was offered to immigrant adults.
