question

*** Definition of quality

answer

The degree to which the project fulfills requirements

question

Quality Management

answer

Creating and following policies and procedures to ensure that a project meets the defined needs it was intended to meet from the customer's perspective.

question

Quality Theorist

answer

Juran - 80/20 principle. advocate of top management involvement, fitness for use. Deming - 14 pts to total quality management. Plan Do Check Act (PDCA) Crosby - concept of cost of poor quality and advocated zero defects. prevention over inspection. "conformance to requirements:

question

Perform Quality Assurance

answer

Quality planning. Focus on meeting the requirements. done in executing process when project work is being done.

question

Gold Plating

answer

Giving the customers extras i.e extra functionality, extra scopte etc.

question

Prevention over Inspection

answer

Quality must be planned in not INSPECTED IN!!!

question

Marginal Analysis

answer

Looking for the point where the benefits or revenue to be received from improving quality equals the incremental cost to achieve that quality. i.e sometimes added attention to something like quality does not always produce added value. When that point is reached stop trying to improve quality

question

Continuous Improvement = (Kaizen)

answer

Continuously looking for small improvements in quality. Kai - to alter zen - make better or improve.

question

Just in Time (JIT)

answer

Forces attention on quality. Having materials delivered when needed or shortly before. High level of quality practices not enough material for waste or rework

question

Total Quality Management (TQM)

answer

Focuses on finding ways to continuously improve the quality of their products and business practices at every level of the organization

question

Responsibility for Quality

answer

Pm has the ultimate responsibility for the quality of the product. Each team member must check his/her work.

question

Impact of Poor quality

answer

Increased cost decreased profit low morale low customer sat increased risk rework schedule delays

question

Differences between Plan Quality management Perform Quality Assurance Control Quality

answer

Plan Quality Management - Focuses on defining quality for the project and planning how it will be achieved. Perform Quality Assurance - Executing process, focus on work being done. Ensure the team is following organizational policies, standards, and processes. The PM can evaluate if processes need improvement Control Quality - M&C process Examines the actual deliverable. Ensure the deliverables are correct and meet the planned level of quality. find the source of problems and provide recommendations.

question

Plan Quality Management

answer

PM needs org process assets, enterprise env factors, stakeholder register, requirements doc, and risk register. Identify all relevant organizational or industry practices, standards, and requirements for the quality of the project. Then plan how to meet those quality standards. Main result is the quality management plan

question

United nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods (CISG)

answer

Standard that governs international sales transactions

question

ISO 9000

answer

Created by International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to help ensure that organizations have quality procedures and that they follow them. Does NOT tell you what quality should be or recommend a system.

question

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

answer

Sets standards for the safety of American workers

question

Cost Benefit Analysis

answer

PM weighs the benefits versus the cost of quality efforts to determine the appropriate quality level and requirements for the project.

question

Cost of Quality (COQ)

answer

Making sure the project is not spending too much to achieve a particular level of quality. The cost of conformance should be lower than the cost of noncomformance.

question

7 Quality tools 7QC

answer

Cause and Effect diagram Flowchart Checksheet Pareto diagram Histogram Control Chart Scatter diagram

question

Cause and Effect Diagram (fishbone/Ishikawa)

answer

Is it better to fix a defect or get the root cause of the defect? 1. A creative way to look at the cause of a problem or to identify the best way to plan and clarify the definition of quality 2. Helps stimulate thinking, organize thoughts, and generate discussions 3. Can be used to explore the factors that will result in a desired future outcome.

question

Flowchart (process map)

answer

Shows how a process or system flows from beginning to end. how the elements inter relate, alternative paths, inputs/outputs, Can be used in all 2 Quality Management processes Plan Quality Management Control Quality Management

question

Checksheet (Tally sheet)

answer

Checklist that can be used to keep track of data such as quality problems uncovered during inspections. Used in Plan QM and in Control Quality. primary purpose is to gather data. I.e how often a defect occurs.

question

Quality checklist

answer

May be a list of items to inspect or steps to be performed. used to verify a required action has taken place or has been included.

question

Pareto Diagram (Pareto Chart)

answer

Bar chart that arranges the results from most frequent to least frequent to help identify which root causes are resulting in the most problems. ** 1. Help focus attention on the most critical issues 2. Prioritize potential "causes" of the problems 3. Separate the critical few from the uncritical many

question

Pareto principle (80/20)

answer

80% of problems are due to 20% of the root causes.

question

Histogram

answer

Displays in bars or columns. Helps Identify which problems are worth dealing with. Presents data in no particular order and w/o reference to time.

question

Control Chart

answer

SET UP in Plan QM to define quality on the project. Determine mean, specification limits, and control limits. USED in Control Quality to help determine if the results of a process are within acceptable limits. Can be used to monitor project performance figures such as cost and schedule variance. Most commonly it monitors production and other processes to see if the results are within acceptable limits. (in control).

question

Upper and Lower Control Limits

answer

* Two dashed lines on a control chart (acceptable range) Indicate what is stable versus unstable Normally calculated on a +/- 3 sigma or standard dev but can go as high as +/- 6 sigma * Data points outside this range are thought to be out of control

question

Mean (Average)

answer

Indicated by a line in the middle of the control chart. middle of the range of acceptable variation.

question

Specification limits

answer

Represent the customers expectations or contractual requirements for performance and quality. inputs from the customer. Control limits must be stricter than the specification limits. Spec limits are outside of the upper and lower control limits. = better quality than what is req'd by the customer.

question

Out of Control

answer

Process is out of control when either two things happen 1. Data point falls outside the upper and lower control limits. 2. There are non random data points these may be w/in the upper and lower control limits.

question

Rule of Seven

answer

process is out of control if 7 non random data points inside the upper and lower control limits that are all on one side of the mean.

question

Assignable cause/Special Cause Variation

answer

Signifies that a process is out of control. A data point or series of data points falls outside the control limits and requires investigation to determine the cause of the variation.

question

Scatter Diagram (Correlation Chart)

answer

Tracks 2 variables to determine their relationship. Regression/trend line is calculated to show the correlation of variables and can then be used for estimation and forecasting.

question

Benchmarking

answer

Looking at other projects to get ideas for improvement on the current project and provide a basis for measuring quality performance.

question

Design of Experiments (DOE)

answer

Experimentation to determine statistically what variables will improve quality. Fast and accurate

question

Statistical Sampling

answer

Taking a sampling to inspect. Done if Individual sampling takes too long, costs too much, or is destructive. Sample size and frequency are determined in the Plan QM process actual sampling is done in the control Quality process.

question

SiX Sigma and standard deviation

answer

How much variance from the mean. 1 sigma = 68.27% 3 sigma = 99.73% 6 sigma = 99.99999998%

question

Outputs of Plan Quality Management

answer

* Quality Management Plan * Quality metrics * Quality checklist * Process Improvement Plan * Project Management Plan and Project Updates

question

Quality Audits

answer

Check standard processes, policies, practices are being followed and looking for new lessons learned etc.

question

Affinity diagrams

answer

Can help organize and group results of a root cause analysis.

question

Tree Diagrams

answer

Useful for decision analysis. organize data map out relationships and decompose processes to find a solution.

question

Process Decision Program Charts (PDPC)

answer

Typically used in conjunction with tree diagrams. Decompose a goals into the steps required to achieve it.

question

Interrelationship Diagraphs

answer

Allows you to see and analyze the relationships among numerous different issues.

question

Matrix Diagrams

answer

Used for Data analysis. Visual representation of the relationship between two or more sets of items.

question

Prioritization Matrices

answer

Matrix diagram that is useful for decision analysis about process improvement and quality management plan components that need to change.

question

Outputs of Perform Quality Assurance

answer

* Change requests including recommended corrective and preventative actions and defect repair * Updated standards, processes, and quality systems * Updated PM plan and project documents.

question

Control Quality Process

answer

Ensuring a certain level of quality in a deliverable whether it be a product, service, or result. Control = measure. measures to see if products/services meet quality standards Helps insure customer acceptance confirming and documenting the achievement of agreed to requirments

question

* Mutual Exclusivity

answer

Two events are said to be mutually exclusive if they cannot both occur in a single trial. i.e flipping a coin once cannot result in both a head and tail.

question

*Probability

answer

likelihood that something will occur. usually a decimal or fraction on a scale to one.

question

* Normal Distribution

answer

Bell Curve used to measure variation. Probability density distribution

question

* Statistical Independance

answer

Probability of one even occurring does not affect the probability of another event occurring. i.e The probability of rolling a six on a die is statistically independent from the probability of getting a five on the next roll.

question

* Control Quality Tools and Techniques

answer

* Cause and Affect Diagram * Flow chart * Checksheet * Pareto Diagram * Histogram * Control chart * Scatter Diagram Plan Quality Management uses these tools to define quality. Control Quality uses these tools to make sure standards have been met or evaluate how to solve a quality problem

question

Outputs of Control Quality

answer

* Measurements * Validated Changes * Work Performance Info * Updates to the project Management Plan and Plan docs * Change requests including recommended corrective and preventative actions and defect repair * Lessons Learned * Verified deliverables

Chapter 8 Quality Management – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards