Chapter 8 FAs – Flashcards
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The most crucial ingredient in all of learning is
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experience
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By learning to associate a squirt of water with an electric shock, sea snails demonstrate
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classical conditioning
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By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightening signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates
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classical conditioning
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Children often learn to associate pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of candy. This best illustrates the process underlying
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operant conditioning
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Seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors, such as slapping and barking, that prompt people to toss them a herring. This best illustrates
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operant conditioning
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The researcher that is most likely associated with the study of classical conditioning is
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Pavlov
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Who introduced the term behaviorism?
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Watson
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Last year, Dr. M cleaned a girl's skin with rubbing alcohol prior to administering each a series of painful shots. Which of the following processes accounts for the fact that the girl currently becomes fearful every time she smells rubbing alcohol?
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classical conditioning
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A dog's salvation at the sight of a food dish is a
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conditioned response
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In classical conditioning, the _______ signals the impending occurrence of the ____________.
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CS; US
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For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the CS should be presented
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shortly before the US
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After Pavlov had conditioned a dog to salivate to a tone, he repeatedly sounded without presenting the food. As a result, __________ occurred.
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extinction
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Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This best illustrates
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generalization
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The reappearance, after a long time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called
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spontaneous recovery
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The tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called
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generalization
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The ability to distinguish between conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called
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discrimination
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After repeatedly taking alcohol spiked with a nausea-producing drug, people with alcoholism may fail to develop an aversive reaction to alcohol because they blame their nausea on the drug. This illustrates the importance of ___________ in classical conditioning.
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cognitive processes
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Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote
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survival
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Rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with
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novel tastes
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Garcia and Koelling's studies of taste aversion in rats demonstrated that classical conditioning is constrained by
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biological predispositions
