Chapter 7: Urinary System – Flashcards
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cyst/o
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bladder (c)
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cystoscopy
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visual examination of the urinary tract using a cystoscope inserted through the urethra
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-scopy
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visual examination
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vesic/o
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bladder (v)
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vesicocele
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hernial protrusion of urinary bladder; also called cystocele
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-cele
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hernia; swelling
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cyst/o, vesic/o
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bladder (both)
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glomerul/o
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glomerulus
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glomerular
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pertaining to the glomerulus
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meat/o
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opening, meatus
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meatus
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opening or tunnel through any part of the body, such as the external opening of the urethra
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-us
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condition, structure
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nephr/o
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kidney (n)
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nephroma
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tumor of the kidney
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ren/o
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kidney (r)
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renal
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pertaining to the kidney
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nephr/o, ren/o
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kidney (both)
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pyel/o
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renal pelvis
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ur/o
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urine, urinary tract (short)
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uremia
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excessive urea and other nitrogenous waste products in blood; also called azotemia; increase in concentration of urea and other nitrogenous wastes in the blood; elevated level of urea and other nitrogenous waste products in the blood, as occurs in renal failure, also called azotemia
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urin/o
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urine, urinary tract (long)
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urinary
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pertaining to urine or formation of urine; also refers to the urinary tract
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ureter/o
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ureter
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ureterostenosis
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narrowing or stricture of a ureter
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-stenosis
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narrowing; stricture
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urethr/o
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urethra
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urethrocele
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hernial protrusion of the urethra
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-emia
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blood condition
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azotemia
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excessive amounts of nitrogenous compounds in the blood
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azot
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nitrogenous compounds
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-iasis
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abnormal condition (produced by something specified)
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lithiasis
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abnormal condition of stones or calculi
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lith
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stone, calculus
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-lysis
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separation; destruction; loosening
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dialysis
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process of removing toxic wastes from blood when kidneys are unable to do so; Mechanical filtering process used to cleanse blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly
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dia-
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through, across
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-pathy
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disease
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nephropathy
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disease of the kidneys
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-pexy
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fixation (of an organ)
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nephropexy
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surgical procedure to affix a displace kidney; fixation of the kidney
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-ptosis
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prolapse, downward displacement
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nephroptosis
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downward displacement or dropping of a kidney; floating kidney
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-tripsy
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crushing
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litotripsy
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crushing of a stone
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-uria
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urine (suffix)
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polyuria
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excessive urination
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poly-
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many, much
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nephrectomy
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excision of a kidney
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nephromegaly
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enlargement of a kidney
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nephrolith
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stone (in the) kidney; calculus in a kidney
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nephrolithiasis
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abnormal condition of kidney stone
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nephralgia
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pain in the kidney
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nephritis
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inflammation of the kidney
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-ectomy
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excision, removal
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-tomy
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incision
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-tome
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instrument to cut
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nephrolithotomy
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incision to remove a renal stone or calculus; incision of the kidney to remove a stone or calculus; incision (to remove a) kidney stone
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glomerulonephritis
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inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney
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hypertension
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high blood pressure
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proteinuria
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chronic loss of protein in the urine
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edema
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swellling
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suprarenal
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above the kidney
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supra
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above, excessive, superior
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scler/o
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hardening, sclera (white of eye)
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sclerosis
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abnormal condition of hardening
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nephrosis
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abnormal condition of a kidney
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nephrosclerosis
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abnormal condition of kidney hardening
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-megaly
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enlargement
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lithotomy
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incision to remove a stone or calculus
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nephrorrhaphy
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suture of a kidney
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nephrotomy
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incision of the kidney
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ureteromegaly
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enlargement of the ureter
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ureterectasis
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expansion or dilation of the ureter
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-ectasis
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dilation or expansion
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lithotripsy
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crushing of a stone, or calculus
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ureterolith
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stone or calculus in the ureter
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ureterolithiasis
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abnormal condition (produced by something specified) of a ureter(al) stone
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ureterolithotomy
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incision of a ureter to remove a stone or calculus
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cystolith
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stone in the bladder
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cystolithiasis
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abnormal condition of a bladder stone
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cystolithotomy
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incision of the bladder to remove a stone
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ureterocystoscope
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instrument for examining the ureter and bladder
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ureterocystoscopy
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visual examination of the ureter and bladder
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-rrhaphy
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suture
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ureterorrhaphy
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suture of the ureter
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cystorrhaphy
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suture of the bladder
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vesicoenteric
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pertaining to the bladder and intestine
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rect/o
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rectum
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cystocele
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herniation of the bladder
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rectocele
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herniation of the rectum
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-scope
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instrument for examining
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radi/o
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radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)
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-graphy
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process of recording
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cystectomy
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excision of the bladder
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cystoplasty
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surgical repair of the bladder
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cystoscope
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instrument to view the bladder
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urethritis
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inflammation of the urethra
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urethrectomy
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excision of the urethra
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urethropexy
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surgical fixation of the urethra
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urethroplasty
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surgical repair of the urethra
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urethrodynia
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pain in the urethra (d)
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urethralgia
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pain in the urethra (a)
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urethralgia, urethrodynia
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pain in the urethra (both)
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cystitis
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inflammation of the bladder
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UTI
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abbreviation for urinary tract infection
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urinary tract infection
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UTI
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urethral
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pertaining to the urethra
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lumen
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tubular space within a structure
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urethrorectal
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pertaining to the urethra and rectum
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urethrocystitis
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inflammation of the urethra and bladder
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urethroscope
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instrument for examining the urethra
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urethroscopy
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visual examination of the urethra
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cystourethroscope
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instrument for examining the urethra and bladder
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cystourethroscopy
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visual examination of the urethra and bladder
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-ia
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condition
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malignant
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cancerous tumors
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benign
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noncancerous tumors
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aden/o
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gland
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adenodynia
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pain in a gland (d)
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carcin
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cancer
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-oma
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tumor
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adenoma
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benign glandular tumor; tumor of a gland
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adenocarcinoma
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malignant glandular tumor
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adenitis
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inflammation of a gland
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adenopathy
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disease of a gland
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pyelitis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis
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pyelopathy
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disease of the renal pelvis
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pyelotomy
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incision of the renal pelvis
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pyelostomy
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forming an opening (mouth) into the renal pelvis
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enter/o
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intestine (usually small intestine)
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-itis
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inflammation
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-plasty
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surgical repair
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olig/o
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scanty
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oliguria
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diminished capacity to pass urine; scanty urination
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glomerulitis
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inflammation of a glomerulus
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glomerulopathy
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disease of a glomerulus
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glomerulosclerosis
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an abnormal condition of glomerulus hardening
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KUB
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abbreviation of kidney, ureter, bladder
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kidney, ureter, bladder
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KUB
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intravenous
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within a vein
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pyelogram
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record (x-ray) of renal pelvis
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retro-
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backward, behind
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-grade
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to go
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pyeloplasty
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surgical repair of renal pelvis
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ureteropyeloplasty
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surgical repair of ureter and renal pelvis
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nephroscope
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instrument for examining the kidneys
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nephroscopy
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visual examination of the kidney
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pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney
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enterocele
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herniation of the intestine
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erythr/o
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red
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leuk/o
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white
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leukorrhea
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discharge that is white
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erythruria
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urine that is red
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erythrocyte
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red blood cell
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leukocyte
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white blood cell
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cyt/o
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cell (CF)
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-cyte
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cell (suffix)
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urotoxin
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poisonous substance in urine
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urology
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study of urinary tract
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urologist
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specialist in study of the urinary tract
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py/o
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pus
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pyorrhea
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discharge or flow of pus
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pyonephrosis
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abnormal condition of pus from the kidney
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pyuria
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pus in the urine
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hematuria
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blood in the urine
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anuria
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without urine
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proximal
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nearest the point of attachment
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distal
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farthest from the point of attachement
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polycystic
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pertaining to many cysts
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azoturia
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increase of nitrogenous wastes in urine; increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine
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nocturia
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urination at night
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dysuria
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painful urination; painful or difficult urination, symptomatic of cystitis and other urinary tract conditions
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bacteriuria
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bacteria in urine
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lithectomy
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excision of a stone
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hemat/o
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blood
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-ist
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specialist (short)
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intra-
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in, within
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ARF
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abbreviation for acute renal failure
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BNO
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abbreviation for bladder neck obstruction
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BPH
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abbreviation for benign prostatic hyperplasia; benign prostatic hypertrophy
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BUN
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abbreviation for blood urea nitrogen
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CRF
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abbreviation for chronic renal failure
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CT
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abbreviation for computed tomography
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cysto
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abbreviation for cystoscopy
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DRE
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abbreviation for digital rectal examination
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ED
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abbreviation for erectile dysfuntion; emergency department
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ESRD
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abbreviation for end-stage renal disease
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ESWL
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abbreviation for extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy
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EU
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abbreviation for excretory urography
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IVP
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abbreviation for intravenous pyelogram; intravenous pyelography
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PKD
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abbreviation for polycystic kidney disease
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PSA
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abbreviation for prostate-specific antigen
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RP
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abbreviation for retrograde pyelography
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TURP
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abbreviation for transurethral resection of the prostate
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UA
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abbreviation for urinalysis
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US
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abbreviation for ultrasonography; ultrasound
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UTI
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abbreviation for urinary tract infection
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VCUG
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abbreviation for voiding cystourethrogram; voiding cystourethrography
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diuresis
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increased formation and secretion of urine
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end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
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kidney disease that has advance to the point that the kidneys can no longer adequately filter the blood and, ultimately, requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival; also called chronic renal failure (CRF)
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enuresis
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involuntary discharge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established; also called bed-wetting at night or nocturnal enuresis
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hypospadias
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abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis
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interstitial nephritis
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condition associated with pathological changes in the renal interstitial tissue that may be primary or due to a toxic agent, such as a drug or chemical, which results in destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function
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renal hypertension
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high blood pressure that results from kidney disease
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Wilms tumor
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malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, usually before age 5
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blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
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laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in the blood and demonstrates the kidneys' ability to filter urea from the blood for excretion in urine
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computed tomography (CT)
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radiographic technique that uses a narrow beam of x-rays that rotates in a full arc around the patient to acquire multiple views of the body that a computer interprets to produce cross-sectional images of that body part
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kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB)
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radiographic examination to determine the location, size, shape, and malformation of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder
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pyelography
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radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and usually the bladder after injection of a contrast agent
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intravenous pyelography (IVP)
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radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x-ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract; also called intravenous urography (IVU) or excretory urography (EU)
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retrograde pyelography (RP)
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radiographic imaging in which contrast medium is introduced through a cystoscope directly into the bladder and ureters using small-caliber catheters
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renal scan
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nuclear medicine imaging procedure that determines renal function and shape through measurement of a radioactive substance that is injected intravenously and concentrates in the kidney
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urinalysis
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physical, chemical, and microscopic evaluation of urine
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voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
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radiography of the bladder and urethra after filling the bladder with a contrast medium and during the process of voiding urine
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catheterization
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insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly, through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine
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hemodialysis
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process of removing excess fluids and toxins from the blood by continually shunting (diverting) the patient's blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering, and then returning the clean blood to the patient's body via tubes connected to the circulatory system.
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peritoneal dialysis
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dialysis in which the patient's own peritoneum is used as the dialyzing membrane
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renal trasnplantation
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organ transplant of a kidney in a patient with end-stage renal disease; also called kidney transplantation
