Chapter 7 The Respiratory System – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
anoxia
answer
The absence of oxygen from the blood gases or tissues.
question
anthrac/o
answer
coal, coal dust
question
atel/o
answer
incomplete, imperfect
question
bronch/o, bronchi/o
answer
bronchial tube, bronchus
question
capn/o
answer
carbon dioxide, sooty or smoky appearance
question
-centesis
answer
surgical puncture to remove fluid
question
coni/o
answer
dust
question
cyan/o
answer
blue
question
-dynia
answer
pain
question
endo-
answer
in, within, inside
question
-isy
answer
noun ending
question
laryng/o
answer
larynx, throat
question
nas/o, rhino
answer
nose
question
-ostomy
answer
the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface
question
ox/i, ox/o, ox/y
answer
oxygen condition
question
pertuss/i
answer
intensive cough
question
pharyng/o
answer
throat, pharynx
question
phon/o
answer
sound, voice
question
pleur/o
answer
pleura, side of the body
question
-pnea
answer
breathing
question
pne/o
answer
breath, breathing
question
pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-, pulm/o, pulmon/o
answer
lung, air
question
poly-
answer
many
question
-ptysis
answer
spitting
question
py/o
answer
pus
question
-rrhea
answer
flow or discharge
question
sin/o, sin/u, sinus/o
answer
hollow, sinus
question
somn/i, somn/o
answer
sleep
question
-spasm
answer
sudden involuntary contraction, tightening, cramping
question
spir/o
answer
to breathe
question
thorac/o, -thorax
answer
chest
question
trache/o
answer
trachea, windpipe
question
acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
answer
The sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction that affects both lungs and makes breathing extremely difficult.
question
alveoli
answer
also known as air sacs, are the small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. This is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.
question
anthracosis
answer
The form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust in the lungs; also known as black lung disease.
question
antihistamine drug
answer
Medications administered to block and control allergic reactions.
question
antitussive drug
answer
Medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing.
question
aphonia
answer
The loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds.
question
apnea
answer
The absence of spontaneous respiration
question
asbestosis
answer
The form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs.
question
asphyxia
answer
The condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function.
question
aspiration pneumonia
answer
Pneumonia caused by a foreign substance, such as vomit, being inhaled into the lungs.
question
asthma
answer
A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.
question
atelectasis
answer
A condition in which the lung fails to expand completely due to shallow breathing or because the air passages are blocked.
question
bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)
answer
Machine that can be set at a higher pressure for inhaling and a lower pressure for exhaling. It is used for sleep apnea in patients with neuromuscular disease or those who find the CPAP machine uncomfortable
question
bradypnea
answer
An abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute.
question
bronchodilator drug
answer
An agent that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs.
question
bronchopneumonia
answer
The form of pneumonia that affects patches of the bronchioles throughout both lungs.
question
bronchorrhea
answer
An excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.
question
bronchoscopy
answer
The visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope.
question
bronchospasm
answer
a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut.
question
Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB)
answer
A pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea, or apnea, followed by hyperpnea.
question
chronic bronchitis (Br)
answer
is a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant, usually cigarette smoke. There is an increase in the number and size of mucus-producing cells and results in excessive mucus production and a thickening of the walls of the air passages. This causes chronic coughing, difficulty getting air in and out of the lungs, and sometimes also bacterial lung infections.
question
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
answer
A group of irreversible respiratory conditions characterized by chronic airflow limitations.
question
community-acquired pneumonia
answer
is a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic
question
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
answer
noninvasive ventilation device used in the treatment of sleep apnea. A face mask is connected to a pump that creates constant air pressure in the nasal passages, holding the airway open. It reduces snoring and prevents dangerous apnea disturbances.
question
corticosteroid drug
answer
A hormone-like preparation used primarily as an anti-inflammatory and as an immunosuppressant
question
croup
answer
An acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough.
question
cyanosis
answer
Blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen.
question
cystic fibrosis (CF)
answer
A genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.
question
decongestant drug
answer
Constricts blood vessels and decreases swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses due to colds and allergies.
question
diphtheria (diph)
answer
An acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract that can result in damage to the heart muscle and peripheral nerves
question
dysphonia
answer
Any change in vocal quality including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice in puberty.
question
dyspnea
answer
Difficult or labored breathing; also known as shortness of breath.
question
emphysema
answer
The progressive loss of lung function that is commonly attributed to long-term smoking.
question
empyema
answer
An accumulation of pus or infected fluid in the pleural cavity; also known as pyothorax
question
endotrachial intubation (ETI)
answer
The passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.
question
epistaxis
answer
Bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders; also known as a nosebleed.
question
expectoration
answer
coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs
question
expectorant drug
answer
reduces thickness of mucus so u can cough productively
question
functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)
answer
A surgical procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus.
question
hemoptysis
answer
Coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum.
question
hemothorax
answer
Blood in the pleural cavity.
question
hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)
answer
involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to three times higher than normal. The lungs and the bloodstream are this able to absorb more oxygen, which is delivered throughout the body to promote healing and fight infection.
question
hypercapnia
answer
The abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood.
question
hyperpnea
answer
An increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements.
question
hypopnea
answer
Shallow or slow respiration.
question
hypoxemia
answer
A condition of having subnormal oxygen level in the blood.
question
hypoxia
answer
The condition of having subnormal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells; less severe than anoxia.
question
laryngectomy
answer
The surgical removal of the larynx.
question
laryngitis
answer
Inflammation of the larynx
question
laryngoscopy
answer
The visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope
question
laryngospasm
answer
The sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx.
question
lobar pneumonia
answer
affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung.
question
mediastinum
answer
is the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs. This cavity contains connective tissue and organs, including the heart and its veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes
question
mucolytic drug
answer
liquefy and loosen thick mucous secretions so they can be expectorated. The drugs can be administered by a nebulizer or by direct instillation into the trachea. usually are reserved for patients who have major difficulty mobilizing and coughing up secretions.
question
mucus, mucous
answer
water substance produced by a membrane
question
nebulizer
answer
A medical device that dispenses medication in the form of a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece.
question
otolaryngologist/ otorhinolaryngologist
answer
also known as an ENT, is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck
question
peak flow meter
answer
A handheld device often used to measure how quickly a person with asthma can expel air.
question
pertussis
answer
A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough; also known as whooping cough.
question
pharyngitis
answer
Inflammation of the pharynx; also known as a sore throat.
question
phlegm
answer
thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages.
question
pleurectomy
answer
The surgical removal of part of the pleura.
question
pleurisy
answer
Inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath; also known as pleuritis.
question
pleurodynia
answer
Pain in the pleura or in the side.
question
pneumoconiosis
answer
An abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after years of environmental or occupational contact.
question
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)
answer
The form of pneumonia caused by an infection with the fungus Pneumocystis carinii
question
pneumonectomy
answer
The surgical removal of all or part of a lung.
question
pneumonia
answer
A serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the smallest bronchioles and alveoli fill with pus and other liquid.
question
pneumothorax
answer
The accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that may make the lung collapse.
question
polysomnography
answer
The diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep; also known as a sleep apnea study.
question
positive pressure ventilation (PPV)
answer
Treatment of sleep apnea by pumping a steady supply of air into the nose all night through a tube and mask.
question
pulmonary fibrosis
answer
The formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing.
question
pulmonary function tests (PFT)
answer
A group of tests used to measure the capacity of the lungs to hold air as well as their ability to move air in and out and to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
question
pulmonologist
answer
is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.
question
pulse oximeter
answer
An external monitor that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood.
question
pyothorax
answer
An accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity; also known as empyema.
question
respiratory failure (RF)
answer
a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high; also known as respiratory acidosis.
question
rhinorrhea
answer
An excessive flow of mucus from the nose; also known as a runny nose.
question
silicosis
answer
The form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs.
question
sinusitis
answer
An inflammation of the sinuses.
question
sleep apnea
answer
A group of potentially fatal disorders in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.
question
spirometry
answer
A noninvasive test in which a patient breathes into a device that measures airflow, the length of time of each breath, and air volume.
question
sputum
answer
Phlegm ejected through the mouth that may be examined for diagnostic purposes.
question
sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
answer
The sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy infant between the ages of two weeks and one year that typically occurs while the infant is sleeping; also known as SIDS or crib death.
question
tachypnea
answer
An abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.
question
thoracentesis
answer
The surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity.
question
thoracic surgeon
answer
performs operations on the organs inside the thorax, or chest, including the heart, lungs, and esophagus
question
thoracotomy
answer
): A surgical incision through the chest wall into the pleural space for the visual examination of internal organs and the procurement of tissue specimens.
question
tracheotomy
answer
An emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
question
tuberculosis (TB)
answer
An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs; also known as TB.
question
upper respiratory infection (URI)
answer
A term used to describe the common cold; also known as acute nasopharyngitis.
question
video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)
answer
the use of a video-assisted thoracoscope to view the inside of the chest cavity through very small incisors.
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New