question

anoxia

answer

The absence of oxygen from the blood gases or tissues.

question

anthrac/o

answer

coal, coal dust

question

atel/o

answer

incomplete, imperfect

question

bronch/o, bronchi/o

answer

bronchial tube, bronchus

question

capn/o

answer

carbon dioxide, sooty or smoky appearance

question

-centesis

answer

surgical puncture to remove fluid

question

coni/o

answer

dust

question

cyan/o

answer

blue

question

-dynia

answer

pain

question

endo-

answer

in, within, inside

question

-isy

answer

noun ending

question

laryng/o

answer

larynx, throat

question

nas/o, rhino

answer

nose

question

-ostomy

answer

the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the body surface

question

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

answer

oxygen condition

question

pertuss/i

answer

intensive cough

question

pharyng/o

answer

throat, pharynx

question

phon/o

answer

sound, voice

question

pleur/o

answer

pleura, side of the body

question

-pnea

answer

breathing

question

pne/o

answer

breath, breathing

question

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-, pulm/o, pulmon/o

answer

lung, air

question

poly-

answer

many

question

-ptysis

answer

spitting

question

py/o

answer

pus

question

-rrhea

answer

flow or discharge

question

sin/o, sin/u, sinus/o

answer

hollow, sinus

question

somn/i, somn/o

answer

sleep

question

-spasm

answer

sudden involuntary contraction, tightening, cramping

question

spir/o

answer

to breathe

question

thorac/o, -thorax

answer

chest

question

trache/o

answer

trachea, windpipe

question

acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

answer

The sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction that affects both lungs and makes breathing extremely difficult.

question

alveoli

answer

also known as air sacs, are the small grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole. This is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

question

anthracosis

answer

The form of pneumoconiosis caused by coal dust in the lungs; also known as black lung disease.

question

antihistamine drug

answer

Medications administered to block and control allergic reactions.

question

antitussive drug

answer

Medication administered to prevent or relieve coughing.

question

aphonia

answer

The loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds.

question

apnea

answer

The absence of spontaneous respiration

question

asbestosis

answer

The form of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos particles in the lungs.

question

asphyxia

answer

The condition that occurs when the body cannot get the air it needs to function.

question

aspiration pneumonia

answer

Pneumonia caused by a foreign substance, such as vomit, being inhaled into the lungs.

question

asthma

answer

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.

question

atelectasis

answer

A condition in which the lung fails to expand completely due to shallow breathing or because the air passages are blocked.

question

bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP)

answer

Machine that can be set at a higher pressure for inhaling and a lower pressure for exhaling. It is used for sleep apnea in patients with neuromuscular disease or those who find the CPAP machine uncomfortable

question

bradypnea

answer

An abnormally slow rate of respiration, usually of less than 10 breaths per minute.

question

bronchodilator drug

answer

An agent that expands the opening of the passages into the lungs.

question

bronchopneumonia

answer

The form of pneumonia that affects patches of the bronchioles throughout both lungs.

question

bronchorrhea

answer

An excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi.

question

bronchoscopy

answer

The visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope.

question

bronchospasm

answer

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut.

question

Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB)

answer

A pattern of alternating periods of hypopnea, or apnea, followed by hyperpnea.

question

chronic bronchitis (Br)

answer

is a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant, usually cigarette smoke. There is an increase in the number and size of mucus-producing cells and results in excessive mucus production and a thickening of the walls of the air passages. This causes chronic coughing, difficulty getting air in and out of the lungs, and sometimes also bacterial lung infections.

question

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

answer

A group of irreversible respiratory conditions characterized by chronic airflow limitations.

question

community-acquired pneumonia

answer

is a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic

question

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

answer

noninvasive ventilation device used in the treatment of sleep apnea. A face mask is connected to a pump that creates constant air pressure in the nasal passages, holding the airway open. It reduces snoring and prevents dangerous apnea disturbances.

question

corticosteroid drug

answer

A hormone-like preparation used primarily as an anti-inflammatory and as an immunosuppressant

question

croup

answer

An acute respiratory syndrome in children and infants characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and a barking cough.

question

cyanosis

answer

Blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen.

question

cystic fibrosis (CF)

answer

A genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.

question

decongestant drug

answer

Constricts blood vessels and decreases swelling of the mucous membranes of the nose and sinuses due to colds and allergies.

question

diphtheria (diph)

answer

An acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract that can result in damage to the heart muscle and peripheral nerves

question

dysphonia

answer

Any change in vocal quality including hoarseness, weakness, or the cracking of a boy's voice in puberty.

question

dyspnea

answer

Difficult or labored breathing; also known as shortness of breath.

question

emphysema

answer

The progressive loss of lung function that is commonly attributed to long-term smoking.

question

empyema

answer

An accumulation of pus or infected fluid in the pleural cavity; also known as pyothorax

question

endotrachial intubation (ETI)

answer

The passage of a tube through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway.

question

epistaxis

answer

Bleeding from the nose that is usually caused by an injury, excessive use of blood thinners, or bleeding disorders; also known as a nosebleed.

question

expectoration

answer

coughing up and spitting out of material from the lungs

question

expectorant drug

answer

reduces thickness of mucus so u can cough productively

question

functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

answer

A surgical procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus.

question

hemoptysis

answer

Coughing up of blood or bloodstained sputum.

question

hemothorax

answer

Blood in the pleural cavity.

question

hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)

answer

involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to three times higher than normal. The lungs and the bloodstream are this able to absorb more oxygen, which is delivered throughout the body to promote healing and fight infection.

question

hypercapnia

answer

The abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood.

question

hyperpnea

answer

An increase in the depth and rate of the respiratory movements.

question

hypopnea

answer

Shallow or slow respiration.

question

hypoxemia

answer

A condition of having subnormal oxygen level in the blood.

question

hypoxia

answer

The condition of having subnormal oxygen levels in the body tissues and cells; less severe than anoxia.

question

laryngectomy

answer

The surgical removal of the larynx.

question

laryngitis

answer

Inflammation of the larynx

question

laryngoscopy

answer

The visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope

question

laryngospasm

answer

The sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx.

question

lobar pneumonia

answer

affects larger areas of the lungs, often including one or more sections, or lobes, of a lung.

question

mediastinum

answer

is the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs. This cavity contains connective tissue and organs, including the heart and its veins and arteries, the esophagus, trachea, bronchi, the thymus gland, and lymph nodes

question

mucolytic drug

answer

liquefy and loosen thick mucous secretions so they can be expectorated. The drugs can be administered by a nebulizer or by direct instillation into the trachea. usually are reserved for patients who have major difficulty mobilizing and coughing up secretions.

question

mucus, mucous

answer

water substance produced by a membrane

question

nebulizer

answer

A medical device that dispenses medication in the form of a mist that is inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece.

question

otolaryngologist/ otorhinolaryngologist

answer

also known as an ENT, is a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck

question

peak flow meter

answer

A handheld device often used to measure how quickly a person with asthma can expel air.

question

pertussis

answer

A contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that is characterized by recurrent bouts of a paroxysmal cough; also known as whooping cough.

question

pharyngitis

answer

Inflammation of the pharynx; also known as a sore throat.

question

phlegm

answer

thick mucus secreted by the tissues lining the respiratory passages.

question

pleurectomy

answer

The surgical removal of part of the pleura.

question

pleurisy

answer

Inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath; also known as pleuritis.

question

pleurodynia

answer

Pain in the pleura or in the side.

question

pneumoconiosis

answer

An abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs that usually develops after years of environmental or occupational contact.

question

pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

answer

The form of pneumonia caused by an infection with the fungus Pneumocystis carinii

question

pneumonectomy

answer

The surgical removal of all or part of a lung.

question

pneumonia

answer

A serious infection or inflammation of the lungs in which the smallest bronchioles and alveoli fill with pus and other liquid.

question

pneumothorax

answer

The accumulation of air in the pleural space causing a pressure imbalance that may make the lung collapse.

question

polysomnography

answer

The diagnostic measurement of physiological activity during sleep; also known as a sleep apnea study.

question

positive pressure ventilation (PPV)

answer

Treatment of sleep apnea by pumping a steady supply of air into the nose all night through a tube and mask.

question

pulmonary fibrosis

answer

The formation of scar tissue in the lung, resulting in decreased lung capacity and increased difficulty in breathing.

question

pulmonary function tests (PFT)

answer

A group of tests used to measure the capacity of the lungs to hold air as well as their ability to move air in and out and to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.

question

pulmonologist

answer

is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system.

question

pulse oximeter

answer

An external monitor that measures the oxygen saturation level in the blood.

question

pyothorax

answer

An accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity; also known as empyema.

question

respiratory failure (RF)

answer

a condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or the level of carbon dioxide becomes dangerously high; also known as respiratory acidosis.

question

rhinorrhea

answer

An excessive flow of mucus from the nose; also known as a runny nose.

question

silicosis

answer

The form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs.

question

sinusitis

answer

An inflammation of the sinuses.

question

sleep apnea

answer

A group of potentially fatal disorders in which breathing repeatedly stops during sleep for long enough periods to cause a measurable decrease in blood oxygen levels.

question

spirometry

answer

A noninvasive test in which a patient breathes into a device that measures airflow, the length of time of each breath, and air volume.

question

sputum

answer

Phlegm ejected through the mouth that may be examined for diagnostic purposes.

question

sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

answer

The sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy infant between the ages of two weeks and one year that typically occurs while the infant is sleeping; also known as SIDS or crib death.

question

tachypnea

answer

An abnormally rapid rate of respiration usually of more than 20 breaths per minute.

question

thoracentesis

answer

The surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity.

question

thoracic surgeon

answer

performs operations on the organs inside the thorax, or chest, including the heart, lungs, and esophagus

question

thoracotomy

answer

): A surgical incision through the chest wall into the pleural space for the visual examination of internal organs and the procurement of tissue specimens.

question

tracheotomy

answer

An emergency procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

question

tuberculosis (TB)

answer

An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that usually attacks the lungs; also known as TB.

question

upper respiratory infection (URI)

answer

A term used to describe the common cold; also known as acute nasopharyngitis.

question

video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)

answer

the use of a video-assisted thoracoscope to view the inside of the chest cavity through very small incisors.

Chapter 7 The Respiratory System – Flashcards

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