Chapter 7 Sociology – Flashcards
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What does the story about the conviction and imprisonment of Bruce Glover suggest about punishment in the United States?
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Convicts can lose everything important to them while in prison and, after release, they often struggle to fit back into society.
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"Crime" differs from "deviance" in that crime
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refers to a violation of norms enacted into law.
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Every society tries to regulate the behavior of individuals; this general process is called ______.
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social control
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The formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials is called
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the criminal justice system.
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Based on your reading, it would be correct to say that biological approaches offer
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a very limited understanding of crime.
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One of the social foundations of deviance is that
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deviance exists only in relation to cultural norms.
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According to Durkheim, functions of deviance include
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the idea that responding to deviance promotes social unity
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In his study of New England's Puritans, Kai Erikson concluded that
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even this disciplined and highly religious group created deviance to clarify the moral boundaries of their community
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The basic idea behind labeling theory is that
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deviance arises not so much from what people do as how others respond to what they do
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Edwin Lemert described "primary deviance" as
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a passing episode of deviance that has little effect on the person's self-concept.
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The concept "retrospective labeling" refers to the process of
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interpreting someone's past consistent with present deviance.
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Whether people respond to deviance as a moral issue or a medical matter affects
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whether the person is subject to punishment or treatment.
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According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based primarily on
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differences in power between various categories of people
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Crime committed by persons of high social position during the course of their occupations is called
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white-collar crime
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Edwin Sutherland stated that white-collar crime
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is usually resolved in a civil rather than a criminal court.
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_______ _______refers to the illegal actions of a corporation or people acting on its behalf
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Corporate crime
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Organized crime refers to
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any business that supplies illegal goods or services
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A hate crime is defined as
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a criminal act motivated by race or other bias
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Women commit
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far fewer crimes than men.
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"Crimes against the person" includes all but
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1) forcible rape. 2) murder. 3) burglary. ** 4) aggravated assault.
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Mike reports the theft of his dirt bike from the front yard of his house. The police would record this as which type of crime?
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robbery
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Victimization surveys show that the actual amount of crime in the United States is about _____ what official reports indicate.
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more than twice as high as
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Men, who represent about half the U.S. population, account for about ____ of all arrests for property crime.
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63 percent
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In the United States, men account for about _____ of all arrests for violent crime
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about 80 percent
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According to Elliot Currie, factors that explain the high crime rate in the United States by world standards include
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our emphasis on individual economic success, which weakens the social fabric.
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Most criminal cases handled by the criminal justice system in the United States are resolve
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through plea bargaining.
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Looking back in history, the oldest justification for punishing an offender i
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retribution
