Chapter 7 Cell Structure and Funciton Study Guide – Flashcards
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The Cell Theory
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All organisms are made up of cells All cells come from pre-existing cells. The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
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Prokaryotic
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having cells that lack membrane-bound nuclei
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Eukaryotic
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having cells with 'good' or membrane-bound nuclei
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plant cells
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have cell wall have chlorophyll/chloroplasts large central vacuole
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animal cells
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No cell wall, no chlorophyll/chloroplasts, have lysosomes, have smaller vacuoles, have centrioles
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Diffusion
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process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated
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Active Transport
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the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
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Osmosis
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diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
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Endocytosis
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process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane
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Facilitated Diffusion
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movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
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Exocytosis
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the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
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hypertonic solutions
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those with higher solute concentrations and lower water concentrations
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hypotonic solutions
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those with lower solute concentrations and higher water concentrations; cells placed in these solutions gain water; and if they lack a cell wall, may burst
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isotonic solutions
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contains the same concentration as the solute and the solvent means same solutes
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cell specialization
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the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks
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multicellular organisms
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organisms made up of many cells
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unicellular organisms
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a single-celled organisms
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microscopes
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devices that produce magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye
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Nucleus
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directs cell processes; contains the cell's DNA; stores information for cell growth function and reproduction
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Nuclear Membrane
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double membrane that surrounds the nucleus
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Ribosomes
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helps manufacture protiens
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Nucleolus
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produces ribosomes inside the nucleus
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ER
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site of ribosome attachment; can be smooth or rough
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Golgi Body
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modifies sorts and packages proteins for transport outside the cell
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Cytoplasm
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membrane bound storage area within the vessel
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Lysosomes
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vesicle that contains substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles
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centrioles
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structure near the nucleus that functions during cell division
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mitochondria
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converts fuel particles into useable energy
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chloroplasts
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captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis
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cell wall
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gives support to plant cells
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cell membrane
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projections that allow the cell to move or to move substances along the surface of the cell
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vacuole
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a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
