Chapter 6: Digestive System – Flashcards

medical practice of treatment of diseases affecting the digestive system

specialist who treats stomach and intestinal disorders

teeth

specialist who diagnoses and treats diseases an disorders of the oral cavity (teeth and gums)

dental specialist in prevention and correction of abnormally positioned or misaligned teeth orth: straight

gums

inflammation of gums

tongue

pertaining to under the tongue

pertaining to under the tongue

mouth

pertaining to the mouth

disease of the mouth

saliva

condition of excessive salivation (pronounced Tializm)

saliva, salivary gland

excessive flow of saliva

esophagus

instrument for examining the esophagus

pharynx (throat)

inflammations of the pharynx and tonsils

stomach

visual examination of the stomach

pylorus (sphincter in lower portion of the stomach)

incision of the pylorus

vomiting

appetite

loss of appetite

digestion

difficult or painful digestion (indigestion)

swallowing, eating

difficulty swallowing or eating

discharge, flow

discharge or flow of watery stools from the bowel

pain in the stomach

pain in the stomach

excessive vomiting

enlargement of the stomach

inflammation of the mouth

jaw

under the jaw

pertaining to the tongue and teeth

abnormal condition, increase(in blood cells)

fungus

specialist who treats stomach disorders

specialist who treats intestinal disorders

bowel movement

fasting blood sugar

diagnosis

gastrointestinal

pain in a tooth, toothache

treats abnormal conditions of tissues surrounding the teeth. peri-around

mucus mucous-pertaining to mucus

gastric ulcers

duodenal ulcers

a visual examination of a hollow organ or cavity using a rigid or flexible fiberoptic tube and lighted optical system

esophag/o/gastr/o/duoden/o/scopy (upper GI endoscopy)

cancer

cancerous tumor

Cancer

vomiting blood

pertaining to above the stomach

swallowing air

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

visual examination of the duodenum

intestine (usually small intestine)

any intestinal disease

jéjunum (second part of small intestine)

suture of the jejunum

ileum (third part of small intestine)

incision of the ileum (ileotomy) and creation of a permanent opening

appendix

removal of the appendix

inflammation of the appendix

colon

creation of an opening between the colon and the abdominal wall

visual examination of the inner surface of the colon using a long flexible endoscope

anus, rectum

physician who specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum and anus

rectum

herniation or protrusion of the rectum (also called proctocele

sigmoid colon

incision of sigmoid colon

forming an opening

connection between two vessels, bowel segments or ducts

bile vessel

small terminal portion of the bile duct

bile, gall

gallstone

gallbladder

removal of gallbladder by laparoscopic or open surgery

bile duct

incision of the common bile duct

liver

inflammation of the liver

pancreas

destruction of pancreas by pancreatic enzymes

abnormal condition (produced by something specific)

presence or formation of gallstones

enlargement

enlargement of the liver

abnormal condition; increase(used with blood cells)

abnormal condition of yellowness

meal

following a meal

pertaining to the bladder

vomiting bile

barium

barium enema; below the elbow

calcium; cancer

centimeter

Computed tomography

endoscopic retrograde echolangiopacreatography

extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

family history

gastroesophageal reflux disease

glucose tolerance test

hepatitis A virus

hepatitis B virus

heart failure

inflammatory bowel disease

irritable bowel syndrome

intravenous cholagiogram; intravenous cholangiography

lower esophageal sphincter

magnetic resonance imaging

operating room

Roux-en-Y gastic bypass

upper gastrointestinal

upper gastrointestinal series

ultrasound

Inflammation of the appendix, which is usually acute and caused by blockage of the appendix followed by infection

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Gurgling or rumbling sound heard over the large intestine that is caused by gas moving through the intestines

Chronic liver disease characterized by destruction of liver cells that eventually leads to ineffective liver function and jaundice

Condition in which bulging pouches (diverticula) in the GI tract push the mucosal lining through the surrounding muscle

Inflammation of the intestine, especially of the colon, which may be caused by chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa or parasites

abnormal passage from one organ to another, or from a hollow organ to the surface

backflow (reflux) of gastric contents into the esophagus due to malfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

passage of stools containing bright red blood

mass of enlarged, twisted varicose veins in the mucous membrane inside or just outside the rectum; also known as piles

protrusion or projection of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it

Ulceration of the colon mucosa

Chronic IBD that usually affects the ileum but may affect any portion of the intestinal tract

Chronic IBD of the colon characterized by episodes of diarrhea, rectal bleeding and pain

Condition characterized by gastrointestinal signs and symptoms, including constipation, diarrhea, gas and bloating, all in the absence of organic pathology; also called spastic colon

Yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes and sclerae of the eyes caused by excessive levels of bilirubin in the blood

condition in which a person accumulates an amount of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

More sever obesity in which a person has a BMI of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight

Small, tumor like, benign growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface

Condition in which polyps project from the mucous membrane of the colon

Condition in which polyps develop in the intestinal tract

Open sore or lesion of the skin or mucous membrane accompanied by sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue

twisting of the bowel on itself, causing obstruction

radiographic examination of the rectum and colon after administration of barium sulfate into the rectum

radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine after oral administration of barium sulfate; also called upper GI series.

endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum

endoscopy of the colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal

test performed on feces using the reagent gum guaiac to detect presence of blood in feces that is not apparent on visual inspection

group of procedures that treat morbid obesity

bariatric surgery in which the upper stomach near the esophagus is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch and a band is inserted that restricts and delays food from leaving the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

Bariatric surgery in which the stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch and then the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfiction portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats.

procedure for eliminating a stone within the gallbladder or urinary system by crushing the stone surgically or using a noninvasive method, such as ultrasonic shock waves, to shatter it

Use of shop waves as a noninvasive method to destroy stones in the gallbladder and biliary ducts

insertion of a nasogastric tub through the nose into the stomach