question

1957

answer

Soviet Union launched Sputnik. First Man-made satellite.

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ARPANET

answer

Connected Computers at UCLA, Stanford Research Institute, University of Utah, University of California at Santa Barbara.

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internet

answer

Connection two or more networks creates an internetwork. Or internet.

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Popularity of Internet

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Rose in 1990s due to software developers making user friendly, internet access tools.

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internet size today

answer

500 million nodes , 2 billion users.

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internet backbone

answer

Network of high-capacity communications links that provides the main routes for data traffic across the internet.

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Network service providers

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NSPs. Maintain the backbone links and routers of the internet. Examples AT&T, British Telecom, etch.

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Network Access Points

answer

NAPs. Where NSP equipment is linked to begin its travel to a provider and then its destination.

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Internet service provider

answer

ISP. Compan that offers Internet access to individuals, businesses, and smaller ISPs.

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ISP operate

answer

routers, communication equipment, other network devices that handle the physical aspects of transmitting and receiving data between their subscribers and the internet.

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modem

answer

contains circuitry that converts the data-carrying signals from your computer to signals that can travel over various communications channels. Computer can communicate with an ISP through a combination of router and modem or just a modem.

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TCP

answer

Transmission Control Protocol. Creates connections and exchanges packets of data.

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IP

answer

Internet Protocol. Provides devices with unique addresses.

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UDP

answer

User Datagram Protocol. Alternative data transport to TCP used for DNS. Voice over IP, and file sharing.

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HTTP

answer

Hypertext Transfer Protocol. Exchanges information over the Web.

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FTP

answer

File Transfer Protocol. Transfers files between local and remote host computers.

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POP

answer

Post Office Protocol. Transfers files between local and remote host computers.

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SMTP

answer

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Transfers mail form an e-mail server to a client inbox.

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VoIP

answer

Voice over Internet Protocol. Transmits voice conversations over the internet.

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IRC

answer

Internet Relay Chat. Transmits text messages in real time between online users.

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BitTorrent

answer

BitTorrent. Distributes files using scattered clients rather than a server.

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TCI/IP

answer

Primary protocol suite responsible for message transmission on the internet.

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Protocol suite

answer

Combination of protocols that work together.

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TCP

answer

Transmission Control Protocol. Breaks a message or file into packets.

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IP

answer

Internet Protocol. Responsible for addressing packets so that they can be routed to their destination. Context of the internet TCP/IP addresses or IP addresses or Internet addresses are the same. Each part of the IP address is used to get the exact destination.

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static IP address

answer

Permanently assigned IP address for a computer.

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dynamic IP address

answer

Temporarily assigned IP address for a computer.

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Why doesn't everyone have the same IP address?

answer

Many IP addresses are reserved for special purposes. Dynamic IP addresses are assigned as needed and can be reused whenever needed.

question

How to get a dynamic IP address?

answer

Every time you connect to your provider you are assigned one.

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Always-on connection.

answer

Linked to your ISP and is online whenever your computer and modem are on, even if you are not actively accessing the Internet.

question

domain name

answer

key component of web addresses, email addresses, and addresses on the web called URLs.

question

top-level domain

answer

Domain name ends with an extension that indicates the top level domain.

question

.biz

answer

unrestricted use, usually commercial business

question

.com

answer

unrestricted use. usually commercial businesses

question

.edu

answer

restricted to North American educational institutions.

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.gov

answer

restricted to U.S. government agencies.

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.info

answer

Unrestricted use

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.int

answer

Restricted to organizations established by international treaties.

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.mil

answer

Restricted to U.S. Military agencies.

question

.mobi

answer

Available for sites that cater to mobile devices such as smartphones.

question

.net

answer

Unrestricted use; traditionally for Internet administrative organization.

question

.org

answer

Unrestricted use; traditionally for professional and non profit organizations.

question

Domain Name System

answer

(DNS) Every domain name corresponds to a unique IP address that has been entered into this huge database.

question

domain name server

answer

Any computer that hosts the DNS database.

question

Prefixes on a URL

answer

Correspond to protocols, ports and services offered by Internet Computers.

question

Communications port

answer

can be described as a virtual device because it is a physical circuit or mechanism, but rather an abstract concept that allows a computer to perform more than one time of a service.

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ICANN

answer

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Number. Recognized by the United States and other governments as the global organization that coordinates technical management of the internet's Domain Name System.

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latency

answer

Elapsed time for data to make a round trip from point A to point B and back to point A. Usually less than 100ms, increases for overseas transmissions.

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Ping

answer

Packet Internet Groper. Sends signal to a specific Internet address and waits for a reply. If it receives a reply it measures how long it took for a round trip.

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Traceroute

answer

Records a packet's path in addition to its round-trip speed. You can use it to analyze the latency of your data as it hops from one Internet router to the next.

question

Upstream speed

answer

Rate of data that is uploaded from your computer to the Internet.

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Downstream speed

answer

rate of data downloaded to your computer.

question

asymmetric internet connection

answer

when upstreat speeds differ from downstream speeds.

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symmetric internet connection

answer

When upstream and downstream speeds are the same.

question

Fixed internet access

answer

links computer to an ISP from a stationary point such as a wall socket or roof-mounted antenna.

question

Portable Internet access

answer

allows you to easily move your access device, as in the case of vehicle-mounted satellite dishes that can be deployed when vehicle is parked.

question

mobile internet access

answer

allows you to use the internet as you are on the go, such as using a cell phone to collect your e-mail while you are traveling by train.

question

dial-up connection

answer

fixed internet connection that uses a voiceband modem and telephone lines to transport data between your computer and your ISP.

question

voiceband modem

answer

usually referred to simply as a modem. converts signals from your computer into audible analog signals that can travel over telephone lines.

question

Speed of voiceband modem

answer

theoretical 56 Kbps but usually tops out at 44 Kbps. Voice band connections are assymmetrical, upload speeds usually tap out at 33 Kbps. You can only use this connection to send data or talk. Not both. Still able to use with a digital phone.

question

ISDN

answer

Integrated Services Delivery Network. Type of fixed Internet connection that moves data at speeds of 64Kbps or 128 Kbps over ordinary phone lines. symmetric speed. usually a telephone company or a ISDN service provider can give you this service.

question

ISDN terminal adapter.

answer

Sends digital signals. Sometimes called an ISDN modem

question

DSL

answer

Digital subscriber line. High speed digital, always-on, internet access technology that runs over standard phone lines. One of the fastest connections available to individual consumers. Variations include ADSL (asymmetric DSL), SDSL (symmetric DSL), HDSL (high bit DSL), DSL lite also.

question

DSL Data

answer

Travels to and from local telephone switching station in pure digital form, by passing the bottleneck of analog switching to digital and back again.

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DSL speeds

answer

around 6 Mbps downstream from a distance of about 1.25 miles. For signal to work the connection has to be within 3 miles of your telephone company's switching station.

question

DSL modem

answer

device that connects a computer to a telephone line and converts computer data signals into signals compatible with DSL.

question

DSL filter

answer

Prevents voiceband signals form interfering with DSL signals Professionally installed business DSL systems tipically use a single external filter.

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Cable Internet Service

answer

Means of distributing always-on broadband Internet access over the same infrastructure that offers cable television service. Standard speeds are 12 Mbps download and 1Mbps uploads.

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Cable modem

answer

converts your computer's signal into one that can travel over the CATV network. Most people rent a cable modem.

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DOCSIS

answer

(Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications) is a data transport technology that includes security filters.

question

Satellite Internet Service

answer

Means of distributing always-on, high speed asymmetric Internet access by broadcasting signals to and from a personal satellite dish. Better range than phone and cable internet service. Average speeds of 1 to 1.5 Mbps downloads but only 256 Kbps for uploads. Latency of about 1 second.

question

satellite modem

answer

Device that modulates the data signals from a computer into a frequency band that can be carried to the satellite dish, where it is converted to another frequency, amplified and transmitted.

question

Fixed wireless internet service

answer

Also called wireless broadband service is designed to foffer internet access to homes and businesses by broadcasting data signals over areas large enough to cover most cities and outlying areas. MAN (metropolitan area network.)

question

WiMAX

answer

stand for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is an Ethernet-compatible network standard designated as IEEE 802.16. Popularity growing because it offer an alternative to wired technologies. WiMAX can be deployed in rural areas where cable services. Speed 1 to 5 Mbps for downloads. Can offer less latency than satellite.

question

How WiMAX works

answer

WiMAX system transmits data to and from WiMAX antennas mounted on towers. Single tower can serve a large geographical area. Towers can transmit data to subscribers they can relay data to other towers using microwave links.

question

Wifi hotspot

answer

area in which the public can access a Wi-Fi network that offers internet service. Typically 2-8 Mbps for speeds. Not usually protected by WPA protection or encryption because they can't hand out passwords to everyone. Public hotspots don't provide acceptable mobile internet access because you have to remain within range.

question

Portable WiMAX

answer

Can be used as a portable technology because Internet access is available to subscribers anywhere within the towers coverage.

question

Mobile WiMAX

answer

New service that could make it possible for only haveing one cell phone and Internet access provider.

question

Portable satellite

answer

Dish is usually mounted on a vehicle.

question

WAP

answer

Wireless Application Protocol. Communications protocol that provides Internet access from handheld devices such as cell phones. WAP-enabled devices contain a microbrowser that displays simplified versions of popular Web sites.

question

Mobile Broadband

answer

Broadband requires a fast connection, a data service subscription and mobile broadband equipment.

question

Cellular service providers

answer

Provide a data service plan.

question

Real time messaging system

answer

Allows people to exchange short messages while they are online

question

Instant messaging

answer

one on one mesaging

question

chat

answer

group communications.

question

How does it work

answer

Client/server, where client sends messsages to server and then to other client.

question

VoIP

answer

Technology in which a broadband internet connection is used to place telephone calls instead of the regular phone system.

question

Jitter

answer

Measures the variability of packet latency. network traffic and interference can delay some packets and create erratic data flow.

question

Packet loss

answer

Refers to data that never reaches its destination or gets discarded because it arrives too late to be of any use.

question

Internet forum

answer

Web-based online discussion site where participants post comments to discussion threads. most forums have a moderator who monitors discussion threads, weeds out disruptive participants and handles membership requests.

question

wiki

answer

allows participants to modify material. Wikipedia is the best known wiki. Participants can post material pertaining to a topic and other participants can modify it.

question

blog

answer

is similar to an online diary, it is maintained by one person ( sometimes by a company or an organization) contains a series of entries on one or more topics.

question

answer

short message of 140 characters long or less posted to the twitter web site. Sometimes referred to as micro blogging because the tweets are similar to blogs entries.

question

cloud computing

answer

depends on a grid of servers and storage services that offer internet accessible computing services ranging from hardware to office productivity applications and complex corporate data processing.

question

grid computing

answer

network of computers harnessed together to perform processing tasks. Grid computing can be public or private. best used for big complex problems.

question

FTP

answer

File transfer protocol. provides a way to transfer files form one computer to another over any TCP/IP network, such as a LAN or the Internet.

question

FTP server

answer

typically resides on a computer containing files that remote users might want to access.

question

FTP client

answer

Such as WS_FTP, cuteFTP offers an easy to use interface for accessing FTP servers.

question

anonymous FTP

answer

can be accessed by logging in without a password by using the user ID, "anonymous"

question

p2p file sharing

answer

uses peer to peer protocols that allow users to obtain files from other users located anywhere on the internet.

question

BitTorrent

answer

File sharing protocol that distributes the role of a file server across a collection of dispersed computers.

question

intrusion

answer

any access to data or programs by hackers, criminals or other unauthorized persons. Data can be stolen, altered, system configurations can be changed to allow even more intrusions.

question

port probe

answer

is the use of automated software to locate computers that have open ports and are vulnerable to unauthorized access.

question

firewall

answer

software or hardware designed to filter out suspicious packets attempting to enter to leave a computer.

question

routable IP address

answer

one that can be accessed by packets on the internet.

question

Private IP address

answer

is a non routable IP address that can be used within a LAN, but not for Internet data transport.

question

Network address translation

answer

NAT process your router uses to keep track of packets and their corresponding private or public IP addresses.

question

VPN

answer

Sales representatives and telecommuters often access corporate networks from home or from a customer's office by using a secured connection called a virtual private network or VPN.

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