Flashcards About Chapter 6
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(T/F) The internet is essential because it's flexible, shares resources, allows geographic dispersement of employees, and links businesses with customers and suppliers.
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True
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Concept that ISPs must allow computers equal access to content and applications regardless of the source or nature of the content
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Network Neutrality
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(T/F)ISPs want net neutrality because it allows them to charge different prices to individuals based on internet usage
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False
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(T/F) Computers don't work in isolation, data exchange provides advantages, data exchange can take place over great distances
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True
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A system that connects computers and other devices via communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them
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Computer network
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(T/F) Voice and data communications are becoming slower and more expensive
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False
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Refers to the transmission capacity of a network; it is stated in bits per second
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Bandwidth
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Refers to network transmission capacities ranging from approximately 1 million bits per second to 20 megabits with fiber to home.
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Broadband
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(T/F) In a computer network, connected computers: work together, are interdependent, and exchange data with each other
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True
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The four types of networks from smallest to largest are ____, _____, _____, ____. (Acronyms)
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PAN LAN MAN WAN
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PAN is the acronym for _____.
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Personal area network
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LAN is the acronym for _____.
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Local area network
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MAN is the acronym for _____.
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Metropolitan area network
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WAN is the acronym for ______.
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Wide area network
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The internet is a _____ network (acronym)
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WAN
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Connects two or more devices in a limited geographical region so that every device on the network can communicate with each other
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Local area network
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Every device on a LAN has one of these which allows that device to physically connect to the LAN's communication medium
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Network interface card
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(T/F) LANs often have a file server or network server that contains various software and data for the network
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True
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Typically contains multiple LANs
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WAN
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_____ are provided by common carriers like a telephone companies
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WAN
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(T/F) WANs have a large capacity and typically combine multiple channels (fiber-optic, microwave, satellite)
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True
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(T/F) The internet is a WAN
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True
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WANs contain ______ which are communication processors that route messages from a LAN to the internet, across several connected LANs, or across a WAN
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Routers
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Consists of multiple LANs and WANs that are interconnected
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Enterprise network
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High-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks connect
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Backbone network
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A large computer network usually spanning a city (acronym)
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MAN
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A very small computer network within 10 meters of a person's space (acronym)
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PAN (Personal area network)
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Continuous waves that transmit information by altering the characteristics of the waves
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Analog signals
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Discrete pulses that are either on or off, representing a series of bits (0s and 1s)
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Digital signals
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Convert digital signals to analog signals and analog signals to digital signals
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Modems
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Converting digital signals to analog signals
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Modulation
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Converting analog signals to digital signals
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Demodulation
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Must convert digital signals into analog, transmission speeds up to 56kbps i.e. SLOW
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Dial-up
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Provider operates over a coaxial cable, transmission speeds between 1 and 6 mbps for downloads and 128-768 for uploads
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Cable
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Which is faster downloading or uploading
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Downloading
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Provider operates on the same lines as telephones and dial-up modems, always available internet
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DSL (digital subscriber line)
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Uses physical wires or cables to transmit data and information
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Cable
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The prevalent form of communication wiring; strands of copper wiring twisted in pairs
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Twisted-pair wiring
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Inexpensive to purchase, widely available and easy to work with are advantages of _____.
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Twisted-pair wiring
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Slow for transmitting data, subject to interference from other electrical sources, easily tapped by others are disadvantages of _______
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Twisted-pair wiring
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Consists of insulated copper wires
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Coaxial Cable
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Much less susceptible to electrical interference, and can carry more data are advantages of _____.
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Coaxial Cable
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More expensive, more difficult to work with, and somewhat inflexible are disadvantages of _____.
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Coaxial Cable
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Consist of thousands of very thin filaments of glass fibers that transmit information via light pulses generated by lasers
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Fiber-optic cables
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Typically used as the backbone for a network
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Fiber-optic cables
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Significantly smaller and lighter than other mediums, can transmit more data, and provides greater security for data are advantages of _____.
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Fiber-optic cables
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A high-speed digital transmission technology using existing analog telephone lines
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Digital subscriber line
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Data transmission technology that uses packet switching and allows for almost unlimited bandwidth on demand
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Asynchronous Transfer mode
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An interface standard for transporting digital signals over fiber optic lines that allows users to integrate transmissions from multiple vendors
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Synchronous Optical Network
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High-powered digital transmission system that defines circuits that operate at different rates, all of which are multiples of the basic 64 kbps user to transport a single voice call
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T-carrier systems
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The set of rules or procedures governing transmission across a network
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Protocol
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A common LAN protocol
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Ethernet
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(TCP/IP) is a file transfer protocol that can send large files across sometimes unreliable networks (Internet) with assurance that the data will arrive uncorrupted; 3 basic functions
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Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol
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One of the TCP/IP functions; managing the movement of _____ between computers by establishing a connection between the computers
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Packets
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One of the TCP/IP functions; ____ the transfer of packets
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Sequences
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One of the TCP/IP functions; _____ the packets that have been transferred
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Acknowledges
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Responsible for disassembling, delivering, and reassembling the data during transmission
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Internet protocol
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The four layers of TCP/IP are 1.)______, 2.)_______=> provides communication ability, 3.)_______ => addressing and routing, 4.)______=> sends to/from the network
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Application Transport Internet Network interface
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Defines how messages are formulated and how they are interpreted by the receiver
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Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
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Transmission technology that breaks-up blocks of data into packets
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Packet switching
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Links 2 or more computers in an arrangement in which some machines (servers) provide computing services for user PC's (clients)
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Client/server computing
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A type of Client/server distributed processing where each computer acts as both a client and a server ex: Napster There are 3 types
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Peer-to-peer processing
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______ Peer-to-peer processing accesses unused CPU power among networked computers
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First type
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______ Peer-to-peer processing is real time person to person collaboration
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Second type
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_______ Peer-to-peer processing is open source free peer to peer file-sharing
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Third type
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Refers to the geometric arrangement of the actual physical organization of the computers and other network devices in a network
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Network Topology
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All devices are connected to a central cable called a ____; ____ networks are relatively inexpensive and easy to install for small networks (SAME word for both blanks)
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Bus
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All devices are connected to a central device called a hub. _____ networks are relatively easy to install and manage but bottlenecks can occur because all the data must pass through the hub
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Star
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All devices are connected to one another in the shape of a closed loop, so that each device is connected directly to two other devices. _____ topologies are relatively expensive, difficult to install, but they offer high bandwidth and can span large distances
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Ring
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Groups of star-configured workstations are connected to a linear bus backbone cable, combining the characteristics of the bus and star topologies
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Hybrids
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Devices are connected by a receiver/transmitter to a special network interface card that transmits signals between a computer and server, all within an acceptable transmission range
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Wireless
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A global WAN that connects approximately 1 million organizational computer networks in more than 200 countries on all continents and plays a role in the daily routine of almost 2 billion people
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Internet
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A restricted network that relies on Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment within the company for information sharing, communications, collaboration, web-publishing, and the support of the business process
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Intranet
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An extension of an intranet that is only available to authorized outsiders such as customers, partners, and suppliers; kind of public/private
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Extranet
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Companies can establish direct private network links among themselves or create private, secure Internet access, in effect a "private tunnel" within the Internet
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Virtual Private Network (VPN)
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____ are important because with security on the rise, keeping electronic records safe is an area of concern for many businesses
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VPN
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A company that offers internet connection for a fee
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Internet service provider (ISP)
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Exchange points for Internet traffic; Determine how traffic is routed, internet backbone
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Network Access points (NAPs)
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Internet Kiosks, Dial-up, DSL, Cable Modem, Satellite, Wireless, FIber to the home; are all examples of ____
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Network Access points (NAPs)
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Assigned address assigned to every computer that distinguishes it from all other computers; IPv4 = 4 part 32 bits, IPv6 = 128 bits used due to increasing # of devices
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Internet Protocol (IP) address
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Consists of multiple parts separated by dots which are read from right to left
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Domain Name
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The right most part of an Internet name; ex: .com, .gov, .edu
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Top-level domain
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The main portion/ middle of the Internet name
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Name of the Company
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A system of universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information via a client/server architecture; not the same thing as the internet
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World wide web
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A text and graphical screen display that usually welcomes the user and explains the organization that has established the page
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Home page
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The set of letters that represent a resource on the web that points to the address of a specific resource on the web
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Uniform resource locator
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Allows users to browse and search data sources in all topic areas on the Web.
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Discovery
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Are computer programs that are used to search for specific information by keywords and then report the results; The largest are Google, Yahoo, Bing, Baidu
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Search engines
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These search several search engines at once and integrate the findings of the various search engines to answer queries posted by the user
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Metasearch engines
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A web-based personalized gateway to information and knowledge that provides relevant information from different IT systems and the Internet using advanced search and indexing techniques
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Portal
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Offer content for diverse communities and are most popular portals on the Internet
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Commercial (public) portals
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Support communities such as a hobby group or political party
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Affinity portals
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Are portals accessible from mobile devices
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Mobile portals
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Portals that offer a personalized single point of access through a web browser
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Corporate portals
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Portals that support entire industries
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Industrywide portals
