Chapter 5,6, and 7 in psych – Flashcards
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Learning is always adaptive . It involves enduring, but not necessarily permanent , changes in behavior
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Nature of learning
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Who is most closely associated with classical conditioning
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Ivan Pavlov
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A reflexive reaction triggered by a stimulus is an
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unconditioned response
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Through classical conditioning. Alyce has developed a fear of mice. She also shown a fear response to gerbils and hamsters. Aylce is demonstrating
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stimulus generalization
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classical conditioning can explain the development of all the except
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complex, voluntary behaviors
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The product first presented is
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neutral stimulus
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researchers have been able to successfully condition immune system suppression by linking neutral stimuli with an
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immune suppressant drug
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The law of Effects was proposed by
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Thorndike
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The process of learning in which the consequences of a response determine the probability that the response will be repeated is called
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operant conditioning
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Presentation of a rewarding stimulus serves as-----while removal of an aversive stimulus serves as
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positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
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Primary reinforcement
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intrinsically rewarding
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researchers use the method of successive approximations in the process
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shaping
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Vlad receives 100 for every 10 telemarking calls he makes
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fixed ratio
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Mentally working through a problem until the sudden realization of the solution occurs is referred to as
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insight learning
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Learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement and is not revealed in performance when it occurs is referred to as
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Latent Learning
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when researcher conducted investigations of latent learning with rats in mazes
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Tolman
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which does not belong
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conditioned stimulus
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a stimulus associated with original learning that helps jog one's memory
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a retrieval cue
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The storage device of sensory memory
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sensory register
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another name for photographic memory
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eidetic memory
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In contrast to maintenance rehearsal, elaborative rehearsal involves
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focusing on the meaning of the material
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Compared to short term memory, long term memory relies
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on semantic coding and less on acoustic coding
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When Jacques wants to learn a new concept , he attempted to connect it with previously existing knowledge
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elaborative rehearsal
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Long tem memory is organized in terms of an elaborative arrangement of associated concepts
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semantic network model
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all of the following are categories of declarative memory except
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procedural
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your general world information is stored in the
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retrospective memory
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The view that memory is based on recreating representation of the past rather than recalled verbatim images of the past is called
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constructed memory
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An organized knowledge structure reflecting one's past experience and future expectations is called a
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reconstructed memory
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flashbulb memories are most likely to be associated with
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emotionally-charged experineces
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What occurs when an eyewitness are given incorrect data during the retention interval of memory
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misinformation effect
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what is the name of older memories interfere with newer memories
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Proactive interference
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which theory of forgetting suggests that forgetting is the result of a failure to access stored memories
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retrieval theory
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motivated forgetting is another name for
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repression
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In general, which type of memory task produces better retrieval
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recognition
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Pedro has suffered a head injury that causes him to have no memory of the events preceding the injury. he is suffering from
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retrograde amnesia
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Cognitive psychologists are likely to study all but which of the following topics
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development across the life span
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According to the text, thinking involves each of the following except
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functional fixedness
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Mental representation and manipulation of information
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thinking
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a mental category used to group objects according to shared features
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concept
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rule of thumb
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Heuristic
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Conceiving of new ways of viewing situations and new uses for familiar objects
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Divergent thinking
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Concepts defined by specific rules
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logical concepts
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Gardners model, interpersonal intelligence is defined as the ability
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ones own feelings and behavior
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Architect refers to gardner in
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Spatial
