Chapter 5 Section 3 Quiz – Flashcards

machine that does work with only one movement of the machine.

bar that pivots on a fixed point (fulcrum). Output force depends on the lengths of input arm and output arm. If output arm is shorter than input arm, then the output force is greater than the input force.

fulcrum located between the input and output forces. output force in opposite direction to the input force. (seesaw)

output force located between input force and fulcrum. output force always greater than input force. (wheel barrow)

input force applied between the fulcrum and output force. output force is always less than the input force. (baseball bat or lifting a weight)

device that makes doing work easier changes size of force, direction of force, and allows force to travel a greater distance.

force applied to a machine

force applied by the machine

ratio of output force to input force. output force divided by input force. HOW MUCH THE MACHINE MULTIPLES YOUR FORCE.

mechanical advantage of a machine without friction. input distance divided by output distance. ESTIMATE OF HOW MUCH THE MACHINE MULTIPLIES YOUR EFFORT FORCE

how much work put into a machine is changed into useful output work by the machine. Output work divided by input work x 100%

length of input arm divided by length of output arm

Simple machine made out of grooved wheel that holds a rope or cable. The axle of the pulley acts as the fulcrum. The two sides of the pulley are the input arm and output arm. A pulley can change the direction of the input force or increase input force, depending on whether the pulley is fixed or movable. A system of pulleys can change the direction of the input force and make it larger.

modified first class lever that is attached to something that doesn't move, such as a ceiling or wall. Because a fixed pulley changes only the direction of force, the IMA is 1. The distance you pull the rope downward equals the distance the weight moves upward. Ex: The cable attached to an elevator passes over a fixed pulley at the top of the elevator shaft. - CANT MOVE - DO NOT CHANGE SIZE OF FORCE, ONLY DIRECTION

A pulley in which one end of the rope is fixed and the wheel is free to move. Unlike a fixed pulley, a movable pulley does multiply force. The distance you pull the rope upward is twice the distance the weight moves upward. IMA = 2 - DOES NOT CHANGE DIRECTION OF FORCE - ATTACHED TO THE OBJECT BEING MOVE

A system of pulleys consisting of fixed and movable pulleys. The IMA of a pulley system is equal to the number of rope segments that supports the weight. The IMA of a block and tackle can be increased by increasing the number of pulleys in the pulley system.

simple machine consisting of a shaft or axle attached to the center of a larger wheel, so that the wheel and axle rotate together. Force applied to wheel, output force exerted by axle. MA = radius of wheel divided by radius of axle

a straight, slanted, sloping surface that reduces the amount of force required to do work. (ramp)

length of slope divided by height of slope

an inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylindrical post.

an inclined plane that moves through an object or material. It is an inclined plane with one or two sloping sides. It changes the direction of the input force.

Two or more simple machines that operate together. Ex: a can, a car

IMA = 1 - machine changes directions of forces only IMA > 1 - machine multiples force IMA < 1 - machine decreases force (allows force to go a greater distance)