question

Art is important to biology because A. great art inspires scientists to work. B. biologists use art to illuminate their findings C. most art includes a detailed study of an aspect of biology D. many scientific advances began with the study of art E. many biologists were artists first

answer

B

question

Resolving power is the A. ability of an optical instrument to show two close objects as separate B. size of an image C. ability of an optical instrument to magnify an image D. ability of an optical instrument to estimate the size of an image E. distance between the lenses of a microscope

answer

A

question

Light microscopes A. can generally magnify objects about 10,000 times without blurring B. typically provide more resolution than an electron microscope C. work by reflecting electrons off the surface of an object being studied D. use light and glass lenses to magnify an image E. all of the choices are correct

answer

D

question

Which one of the following statements is true about electron microscopes? A. electron beams are focused to create a magnified image of an object B. scanning electron microscopes are used to study the details of internal cell structure C. electron microscopes use glass lenses to focus and magnify the image D. transmission electron microscopes are mainly used to study cell surfaces E. specimens must be sectioned to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope

answer

A

question

A scientist wants to magnify a pollen grain 8,000 times and examine the ridges and pores on its surface. Which one of the following instruments would be best? A. a transmission electron microscope B. a scanning electron microscope C. a transmission light microscope D. a scanning light microscope E. an inverted light microscope

answer

B

question

A scientist wants to examine living cells lining the respiratory tract to determine how the cells use tiny hairs to move dirt and mucus away from the lungs. Which one of the following instruments would be best, and why? A. a light microscope, because it allows observations of whole, live cells B. a transmission electron microscope, because it has high resolving power C. a transmission electron microscope because it is capable of very high magnification D. a scanning electron microscope, because it can reveal structures on cell surfaces E. a scanning electron microscope, because it can be used to observe whole cells without slicing them

answer

A

question

A scanning electron microscope is used to study ... , whereas a transmission electron microscope is used to study .... A. live cells ... dead cells B. cell surfaces ... internal cell structures C. dead cells ... live cells D. internal cell structures ... cell surfaces E. plant tissue ... animal tissue

answer

B

question

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines: A. central dogma B. the laws of inheritance C. organelle theory D. cell theory E. inheritance of acquired characteristics

answer

D

question

The diameter of most animal and plant cells ranges from A. 0.01 to 0.1 microns B. 0.1 to 1.0 microns C. 1.0 to 10 microns D. 10 to 100 microns E. 100 to 1000 microns

answer

D

question

As cell size increases, the A. volume and surface area decrease B. volume increases faster than the surface area C. surface area increases faster than the volume D. surface area and volume increase at the same rate E. none of the choices are correct

answer

B

question

Which of the following cells would have the greatest surface-to-volume ratio? A. bacterium B. human red blood cell C. human muscle cell D. frog egg E. ostrich egg

answer

A

question

A cell is exposed to a substance that prevents it from dividing. The cell becomes larger and larger. This situation A. should present no problem to the cell since it can continue to perform all other necessary functions B. should present no problem to the cell because the surface area of the cell will increase as the volume of the cell increases C. will eventually be problematic since the cell's ability to absorb nutrients through its outer membrane will not keep increasing as quickly as its cytoplasmic needs D. should be beneficial since the cell will be able to divert the ATP normally used for cell division to other processes E. none of the choices are correct

answer

C

question

Your throat is dry, and you want the last cough drop in the box to last a long time in your mouth. What should you do? A. break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. since each piece must be dissolved separately, the drop will last longer B. keep the cough drop whole. this maintains the largest surface-to-volume ratio, and slows the dissolution of the cough drop C. break the cough drop into little pieces and put them all in your mouth. this decreases the surface-to-volume ratio, and slows the dissolution of the cough drop D. it doesn't matter if the cough drop is in one piece or many pieces; the total amount of cough drop is all that matters E. break the cough drop into little pieces, put them all in your mouth, and drink plenty of water

answer

B

question

Which one of the following is not found in prokaryotic cells? A. a membrane- bound nucleus B. pili C. a cell wall D. a capsule E. ribosomes

answer

A

question

Which of the following structures are used by prokaryotes for attaching to surfaces? A. pili B. flagella C. capsules D. anchoring junctions E. both pili and capsules

answer

E

question

The nucleoid region of a prokaryotic cell A. contains the cell's DNA B. separates the RNA from the cytoplasm C. is surrounded by a nucleoid membrane D. contains the cell's nucleoid membrane E. is the site of organelle production

answer

A

question

Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus are ... cells A. plant B. animal C. prokaryotic D. eukaryotic E. fungal

answer

C

question

You are told that the cells on a microscope slide are plant, animal, or bacterial. You look at them through a microscope and see cell walls and membrane-bound organelles. You conclude that the cells A. are plant cells B. are animal cells C. are bacteria D. could be either plant or bacterial E. could be plant, animal, or bacterial

answer

A

question

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have ... and .... Unlike plant cells, animal cells have ... A. chloroplasts ... cell walls ... centrioles B. centrioles ... chloroplasts ... cell walls C. chloroplasts ... cell walls ... cell membranes D. chloroplasts ... cell walls ... a nucleus E. centrioles ... cell walls ... large central vacuoles

answer

A

question

Which of the following statements about cellular metabolism is false? Cellular metabolism A. includes different processes that require different conditions B. can occur withing organelles C. can involve the synthesis of steroid hormones D. occurs in animal but not plant cells E. often occurs on the surfaces of internal membranes

answer

D

question

The membranous compartmentalization of a cell A. divides the cell into two equal sized halves. B. allows different metabolic processes to occur simultaneously C. requires the presence of a cell wall D. requires the presence of a large central vacuole E. is common in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

answer

B

question

In eukaryiotic cells, internal membranes A. greatly increase a cell's total membrane area B. provide additional area where many metabolic processes occur C. form membranous compartments called organelles D. contain proteins essential for metabolic processes E. all of the choices are correct

answer

E

question

The nucleus of a cell A. is surrounded by a single layer of membrane B. is contained within the nucleolus C. is the region of the cell where ribosomes are degraded D. contains DNA E. both is contained within the nucleolus and contains DNA

answer

D

question

Long fibers of DNA and protein are called a A. chromatin B. nucleolus C. ribosome D. lysosome E. central vacuole

answer

A

question

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called A. ribosomes B. lysosomes C. peroxisomes D. chromosomes E. nucleoli

answer

D

question

The function of the nucleolus is A. to manufacture polypeptides B. to help manufacture ribosomes C. intracellular digestion D. to store chromatin E. to produce H20

answer

B

question

Which one o f the following statements is false? The endomembrane system A. is involved in the synthesis, storage, and export of important molecules B. includes the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. includes the nuclear envelope D. is a system of interrelated membranes that are all physically connected E. divides the cell into compartments

answer

D

question

Chronic administration of a drug (such as a barbiturate or an antibiotic) may cause the liver to A. produce additional smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. increase the production of enzymes that detoxify the drug in question C. increase the production of enzymes that break down certain other drugs or foreign substances D increase the body's tolerance to the drug E. all of the choices are correct

answer

E

question

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum A. stores calcium ions in muscle cells B. is the major site of carbohydrate synthesis in eukaryotic cells C. produces proteins for cell membranes D. produces antibodies E. helps assemble ribosomes for protein synthesis

answer

A

question

The cells that produce hair contain a lot of ... The cells that produce the oils that coat the hair contain a lot of ... A. smooth endoplasmic reticulum ... lysosomes B. rough endoplasmic reticulum ... smooth endoplasmic reticulum C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum ... rough endoplasmic reticulum D. microbodies ... lysosomes E. nuclei ... chromatin

answer

B

question

The two main functions of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are the production of A. mitochondria and proteins that are to be secreted by the cell B. hydrogen peroxide and steroid hormones secreted by the cell C. ribosomes and steroid hormones D. membrane and proteins to be secreted by the cell E. chromatin and mitochondria

answer

D

question

Secretory proteins are A. produced by ribosomes on the smooth endoplasmic reticulum B. chemically modified in the nucleus C. produced by the cell for internal use D. released from the cell through the plasma membrane E. incorporated into the mitochondrial membrane

answer

D

question

The golgi apparatus A. is composed of stacks of membranous vesicles that are continuous with one another B. stores, modifies, and packages proteins C. strings together amino acids to produce proteins D. forms fats from glycerols and fatty acids E. is the site of carbohydrate breakdown

answer

B

question

Which one of the following statements is false? The Golgi apparatus A. works closely with the endoplasmic reticulum B. serves as a molecular warehouse and finishing factory C. decreases in size when a cell increases its protein production D. modifies chemicals received from the endoplasmic reticulum E. sorts molecules according to their destination

answer

C

question

Lysosomes A. help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles B. recycle materials within the cell C. fuse with food vacuoles to expose nutrients to lysosomal enzymes D. destroy harmful bacteria engulfed by white blood cells E. all of the choices are correct

answer

E

question

When a cell is deprived of oxygen, its lysosomes tend to burst and release their contents into the cell. As a result of this, that cell will A. recycle damaged organelles B. produce additional ER C. undergo cell division D. produce replacement lysosomes E. undergo self-digestion and die

answer

E

question

Tay-Sachs disease A. causes an accumulation of lipids in brain cells B. involves damage to liver cells C. is due to the absence of an enzyme that digests polysaccharides D. prevents the breakdown of glycogen E. results in an accumulation of triglycerides in the alveoli of the lungs

answer

A

question

Pompe's disease and Tay-Sachs disease result from the malfunction of A. mitochondria B. lysosomes C. endoplasmic reticulum D. chloroplasts E. nucleoli

answer

B

question

The functions of the central vacuoles of plant cells include A. helping increase the size of cells by absorbing water B. storing pigments that will help attract pollinating insects C. storing waste products D. storing poisons E. all of the choices are correct

answer

E

question

Contractile vacuoles A. are generally found in protists that inhabit salt water B. help in the excretion of excess salt C. prevent cells from bursting as a result of the influx of excess water D. allow organisms to avoid dehydration by absorbing water from the environment E. all of the choices are correct

answer

C

question

A manufacturing company dumps its wastes into a nearby pond. One of the wastes is found to paralyze the contractile vacuoles of certain protists. A biologist looking at these organisms would find that these protsits A. have lost water and shrunk B. have gained water and burst C. have died of malnutrition D. have died because wastes have built up in the cytoplasm E. are surviving but are unable to reproduce

answer

B

question

Which one of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system? A. lysosomes B. Golgi apparatus C. smooth ER D. nucleus E. ribosomes

answer

E

question

Insulin is a protein that is produced by pancreatic cells and secreted into the bloodstream. Which of the following choices best describes the route of insulin from its production to its exit from the cell? A. rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane B. rough ER, lysosomes, transport vesicles, cell membrane C. rough ER, Golgi apparatus, smooth ER, cell membrane D. rough ER, transport vesicles, cell membrane E. none of the choices are correct

answer

A

question

The stroma is the A. thick fluid enclosed by the inner chloroplast membrane B. watery fluid enclosed by the inner membrane of a mirochondrion C. space between the inner and outer membranes of a chloroplast D. space between the inner and outer membranes of a mitochondrion E. fluid within the grana

answer

A

question

The function of chloroplasts is A. cellular respiration B. intracellular transport of proteins C. lipid synthesis D. photosynthesis E. intracellular digestion

answer

D

question

The function of mitochondria is A. cellular respiration B. intracellular transport of proteins C. lipid synthesis D. photosynthesis E. intracelllular digestion

answer

A

question

The ... of a mitochondrion is/are an adaption that increases the surface area and enhances a mitochondrion's ability to produce ATP. A. stroma B. grana C. intermembrane space D. cristae E. matrix

answer

D

question

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial function; as a result, the rate of A. ATP synthesis would increase B. ATP synthesis would decrease C. photosynthesis would increase D. lipid synthesis would increase E. protein synthesis would increase

answer

B

question

Mitochondria differ from chloroplasts in that mitochondria A. convert solar energy to chemical energy, whereas chloroplasts convert one form of chemical energy to another B. contain three different membrane- bound compartments, whereas chloroplasts contain two C. contain membrane folds called cristae, whereas chloroplasts contain dislike vesicles in stacks called grana D. are not found in plants, whereas chloroplasts contain dislike vesicles in stacks called grana E. produce glucose, whereas chloroplasts are not found in animals

answer

C

question

Microfilaments differ from microtubules in that microfilaments A. are larger than microtubules B. are found only in plants whereas microtubules are found in plant and animal cells C. are mainly composed of actin whereas microtubules are composed of tubulin D. help to anchor organelles, whereas microtubules primarily function to help cells change shape and move E. form the inner core of cilia and flagella whereas microtubules regulate metabolism

answer

C

question

Which one of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is false? A. the cytoskeleton helps to support cells B. once laid down, the elements of the cytoskeleton are fixed and remain permanently in place C. the cytoskeleton is composed of three types of fibers: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments D. the cytoskeleton plays an important role in amoeboid motion E. the cytoskeleton includes fibrous and globular proteins

answer

B

question

Intermediate filaments can be found A. guiding the movements of chromosomes B. within cilia and flagella C. surrounding a nucleus D. guiding the movements of organelles E. supporting the inner mitochondrial membrane

answer

C

question

A drug that interferes with microtubule formation is likely to completely disrupt A. the production of ribosomes B. the amoeboid motion of a cell C. the function of lysosomes D. contraction of muscle cells E. the movements of sperm cells

answer

E

question

Cilia differ from flagella in that A. cilia are composed of micofilaments and flagella are composed of intermediate filaments B. cilia contain nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules; flagella contain only nine microtubule doublets C. the protein filaments of cilia are "naked"; those of flagella are wrapped in an extension of the cell membrane D. cilia are typically more numerous and shorter than flagella E. cilia are anchored only in the proteins of the cell membrane; flagella are anchored in a special structure called the basal body

answer

D

question

A basal body is A. composed of nine microtubule triplets surrounding a central pair of microtubules B. identical in structure to centrioles C. composed of nine microtubule doublets surrounding a central pair of microtubules D. identical in structure to cilia E. identical in structure to flagella

answer

B

question

Dynein arms A. are present in cilia but not in flagella B. are knobs of carbohydrate that are essential to the movement of cilia and flagella C. are found on microtubules in cilia and flagella and cause movement by grabbing and pulling at adjacent microtubule doublets D. are the anchoring proteins in basal bodies E. join microfilaments to the cell membrane

answer

C

question

A woman is having trouble becoming pregnant. Examination of her partner's sperm indicates that dynein arms are missing from the flagella in his sperm cells. A physician explains that this could interfere with fertility by A. preventing the sperm from attaching to the egg cell B. preventing the sperm from swimming to the egg cell C. preventing the sperm from producing enough energy to power swimming D. interfering with the attachment of the flagella to the sperm E. interfering with the ability of the sperm to tolerate the acid conditions in the vaginal canal

answer

B

question

Which one of the following statements about plant cell walls is false? A. plant cell walls consist of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of polysaccharides and proteins B. the cell wall of one plant cell is separated from the cell wall of another by a layer of sticky polysaccharides C. plant cell walls are multilayered structures D. plant cell walls protect plant cells by forming an impermeable layer around the cell E. wood is primarily composed of plant cell walls

answer

D

question

Plasmodesmata A. penetrate plant cell walls B. are one type of cell junction in plants C. carry chemical messages between plant cells D. carry nutrients between plant cells E. all of the choices are correct

answer

E

question

Which of the following would be most affected by a mutation that prevented cells from forming tight junctions? A. attachment of cells to the surrounding matrix B. direct flow of water and small molecules from one cell to another C. integrity of the inner lining of the digestive tract D. attachment of the cytoskeleton to the inside of the plasma membrane E. attachment of the cell wall of one plant cell to the cell wall of another

answer

C

question

Most animal cells are A. surrounded by a cell wall B. attached to each other via plasmodesmata C. embedded in an endomembrane system D. embedded in an extracellular matrix E. embedded in a lipid matrix

answer

D

question

It is essential for heart muscle cells to beat in a coordinated fashion. The cell junctions that would best facilitate this are A. occluding junctions B. anchoring junctions C. tight junctions D. communicating junctions E. plasmodesmata

answer

D

question

Skin cells are attached to the extracellular matrix by A. basal bodies B. anchoring junctions C. tight junctions D. communicating junctions E. plasmodesmata

answer

B

question

Which of the following cell structures is not associated with the breakdown of harmful substances or substances that are no longer needed by the cell? A. lysosomes B. mitochondria C. peroxisomes D. vacuolese E. all of the choices play a role in these functions

answer

B

question

All cells on Earth A. are enclosed in a membrane that maintains internal conditions different from the surroundings B. have DNA as the genetic material C. can interconvert forms of energy D. can interconvert chemical materials E. all of the choices are correct

answer

E

question

A child is hospitalized for a series of chronic bacterial infections and dies despite heroic efforts. At autopsy, the physicians are startled to see that the child's white blood cells are loaded with vacuoles containing intact bacteria. Which of the following explanations could account for this finding? A defect in the A. Golgi apparatus prevented the cells from processing and excreting the bacteria B. rough endoplasmic reticulum prevented the synthesis of the antibodies (defensive proteins) that would have inactivated the bacteria C. cell walls of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells D. lysosomes of the white blood cells prevented the cells from destroying engulfed bacteria E. surface receptors of the white blood cells permitted bacteria to enter the cells

answer

D

question

One centimeter= ... millimeters A. 0.01 B. 0.10 C. 10 D. 100 E. 1000

answer

C

question

A bacterial cell's DNA is found in its A. ribosomes B. nucleus C. peroxisome D. nucleoid region E. capsule

answer

D

question

Archaea are composed of ... cells. A. plant B. prokaryotic C. bacterial D. eukaryotic E. animal

answer

B

question

Which of these is not a component of the endomembrane system? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. transport vesicles C. mitochondria D. nuclear envelope E. Golgi apparatus

answer

C

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