Chapter 4 & 12 – Flashcards
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The term ____ system is defined as system software that acts as the master controller for all of the activities that take place within a computer system
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operating
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A ____ operating system is one that is designed for a personal computer
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desktop
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The operating system's small ____ program is stored in ROM and provides the instructions needed to load the core parts into memory when the system starts.
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bootstrap
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The ____ provides the most essential operating system services, such as memory management and file access. A) kernel
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kernel
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Windows ____ features 64-bit support, enhanced security, and more flexible file management than previous versions of the operating system.
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Vista
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The Mac OS X operating system features a GUI called ____.
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Aqua
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____ is rather unique because it is distributed under the terms of a General Public License, which allows everyone to make copies for their own use, to give to others, or to sell.
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Linux
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A file is defined as a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium
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True
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Which of the following is permitted in the Windows file-naming conventions?
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.
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Current versions of Windows support file names of up to 257 characters long.
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False
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The main hard disk drive is usually assigned the device letter ____.
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C
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A root directory can be subdivided into smaller lists, called ____.
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subdirectories
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A(n) ____ interface features menus and icons that you can manipulate with the click of a mouse.
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graphical user
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The ____ utility allows you to view a list of files, move them to different storage devices, copy them, rename them, and delete them.
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Windows Explorer
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The operating system uses a ____ system to keep track of the names and locations of files that reside on a storage medium, such as a hard disk.
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file
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Your roommate wants to regain peak performance on her disk. You suggest she uses a(n) ____ utility to rearrange the files on a disk so that they are stored in contiguous clusters.
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defragmentation
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The ____ is an important group of files used by the Windows operating system to store configuration information about all of the devices and software installed on a computer system. A) Index
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Registry
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To delete data from a disk in such a way that no one can ever read it, you can use special file shredder software that overwrites "empty" sectors with random 1s and 0s.
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true
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A(n) ____ backup makes a backup of the files that were added or changed since the last backup.
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incremental
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refers to any component that is required to perform work
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resource
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the processor is a computer's main resource
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...
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provides process and memory management services that allow two or more task, jobs, programs to run simultaneously
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multitasking
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allows multiple parts, or threads, to run simultaneously
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multithreading
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capability supports a division of labor among all the processing unit
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multiprocessing
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collect and hold data while the computer is busy with other tasks.
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buffers
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deals with one set input devices-those that can be controlled by one user at a time
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single user operation system
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allow a single, centralized computer to deal with simultaneous input, output and processing request from many users
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multiuser operating system
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provides tools for managing distributed networks, e-mail server and web hosting sites
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server operating system
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is designed for a desktop or laptop personal computer
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desktop operating system
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is designed for devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. mobile OS support touch screen
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mobile operating system
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provides essential operating system services, such as memory management and file access kernel stays in the RAM all the time your computer is on '
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kernel
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the time that you turn your computer and the time it is ready for you to use/
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boot process
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can be define as the combination of hardware and software that helps people and computers communicate with each other
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user interface
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requires users to type memorized command to run programs and accomplish task. can be accessed from most operating system
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command-line interface
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provides a way to select menu options and manipulate graphical objects displayed on the screen using a mouse or gesture .
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graphical user interface
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is a visual work area that covers the entire screen and remains in the background throughout a computing session includes a taskbar or dock
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desktop
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popular on handheld devices, appears at the end of the boot process and whenever it is invoked by the user
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start screen
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displays the option associated with a command
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dialog box
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is similar to files in the operating system. it contains data, such as the text document, the graphics for a photo
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data fork
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is a companion file that stores information about data in the data fork, such as the file type and application that created it
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resource fork
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is a mobile operating system that is a popular platform for tablet computers,
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android
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is which notifications are automatically sent to a device
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push technology
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are used to commands or special identifiers you cannot use these words alone as file name.
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reserved words
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is a section of a hard disk drive that is treated as separate storage unit
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disk partition
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containing a list of files
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directory
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on a PC, the root directory is identified by the device letter follow by a backslash for example, the root directory can be subdivided into smaller list. each list is called a subdirectory
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root directory
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is when a application request memory but never releases it can cause an application not to function properly
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memory leak
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is a section of data at the beginning of a file that contains information about a file, such as the date it was created, the date it was last updated, its size and its file type
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file header
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describe the file contents
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file tag
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describe the contents of a file, essentially means "data about data"
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meta data
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such as the windows file explore or the Mac OS X Finder
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file management utility
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a utility program bundle with the window operating system and designed to help you organize and manipulate the files stored on your computer
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File explorer `
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is a similar to a folder only in the sense that it can be used to group similar files;
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library
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process creates the equivalent of electronics storage bins by dividing a disk in tracks and then further dividing each tracks into sectors.
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formatting
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is the process of creating a CD,DVD,BD by selecting all the files and then copying them in a single session.
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disc mastering
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is a recording technology that lets you record in multiple sessions
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packet writing
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to keep track of the names and location of files that reside on a storage medium, such as a hard disk
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file system
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stores the files needed to recover data that's been wiped out by operator, error, viruses, or hardware failures.
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backup
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Backups allow you to restore data from a backup to the original storage location or to a replacement devices
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restore
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is a operating system distributed along with its source code under the term of GPL ( general public license) a Linux distribution is a download that contains the Linux kernel, system utilities, graphical user interface, application and an installation routine
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linux
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compares the content of files on two devices and makes them the same, it can be used for backup because it dynamically maintains a parallel sets of files on your computer's hard disk and your backup device.
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synchronization
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includes a copy of every file stored on your computer's hard drive. in addition to data files, a full system backup include copies of all installed programs, setting, and the operating system,
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full system backup
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is a removable storage medium containg the operating system files needed to boot your computer without accessing the hard disk
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boot disk
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is a bootable CD,DVD, or other media that contains a complete copy of your computer's hard disk as it existed when the computer was new.
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recovery disk (referred to as recovery CD)
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is an important group of files used by windows operating system to store configuration information
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registry
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is a snapshot of your computer settings
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restore point
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is bit-by-bit copy of the data from all sectors of a disk disk image utilities creates an exact clone of the original disk
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disk image
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is a word with a predefined meaning for the compiler or interpreter that translates each line of program code into machine language
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Key word or command
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includes commands specific to a particular CPU or microprocessor family
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low-level language
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can have millions of lines codes
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programs
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use command words and grammar based on human languages
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high- level languages
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machine language
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first-generation languages
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assembly languages
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Second-generation languages
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easy-to-remember command words
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third-generation languages
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more closely resembles human language
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fourth-generation languages
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based on declarative programming paradigm
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fifth-generation languages
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refers to a way of conceptualizing and structuring the task computer performs
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programing paradigm
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helps the computer to solve a program
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known information
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defines certain elements that be manipulated to achieve result or goal 3 characteristic: > accept assumptions >known information > variables Vs. constants
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problem statement
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are made up of keywords and grammar rules designed for creating computer instruction
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programming languages
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is a type of text editor specially designed for entering codes for computer programs
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program editor
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provides programmers with tools to build substantial section of a program
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VDE Visual development environment
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a computer program must be tested to ensure that it works correctly
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...
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can help a programmer read through lines of code and solve problems
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debugger
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are a form of documentation that programmers inserts into the program code
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remarks or comments
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is a collection of language-specific programming tools that enables a programmer to develop application for a specific computer platform
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SD Software development kit
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is a type of SDK that packages a set of development tools into a sleek programming application
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IDE integrated development environment
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occurs when an instruction does not follow the syntax rules or grammar
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Syntax error
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a runtime error occurs when a programs runs
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runtime errors
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a logic error is a type of runtime error in the logic or design of a program
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logic errors
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is a set of application program or operating system function that programmers can access from within the programs they create
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API
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are the most popular programing languages
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C, java, and C++
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set up steps for carrying out a task that can be written down and implemented
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algorithms
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to conceptualize the solution to a problem as a sequence of steps
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procedural paradigm
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machine language, assembly language, BASIC COBOL Fortran C
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procedural language
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is a subset of English language with a limited selection of sentences structured that reflect processing activities.
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structured English
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is a notational system for algorithms that has been describe as a mixture of English and your favorite programming language
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pseudocode
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change the order in which instructions are carried out by directing the computer to execute an instruction elsewhere in the program
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sequence control structure
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is a section of code that is part of a program, but is not included in the main sequential execution path.
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subroutine, procedure, or function
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tells a computer what to do based on whether a condition is IF.....THE.... ELSE command
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selection control structure
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directs the computer to repeat one or more instructions until a certain condition is met.
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repletion control structure
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machine language
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high level
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are instructions that specify the sequence in which a program is executed
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control structures
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Is a graphical representation of the way a computer should progress from one instruction to the next when it performs a task
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flow chart
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before finalizing the algorithm for a computer program, you should perform a walk through.
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walkthrough
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the first instruction in the program is executed first, then the second instruction in the program written in the BASIC programming language .
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sequential execution
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is a unit data that represents an abstract or real world entity, such as a person, place or thing.
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object
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is a template for a group of objects with similar characteristics.
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class
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defines the characteristics of a set of objects
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class attribute
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is a segment of code that defines an action > collect input, perform calculation, etc. >a method is activated by a message
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method
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describe aspect of a problem that lead to a solution
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declarative paradigm
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is a condition in which data in memory exceeds its expected boundaries and flows into memory areas intended for use by other data.
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buffer overflow
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focuses on selecting user interface elements and defining events-handling routines that are triggered by various mouse or keyboard activities
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event driven
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focuses on the use of facts and rules to describe a problem
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declarative
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C is typically hard disk drive.
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what I C
