Chapter 33 Biology II 2015 – Flashcards

The animal phylum most like the protists that gave rise to the animal kingdom is _____.

Sponges _____.

Which of the following is a characteristic of cnidarians?

Healthy corals are brightly colored because they _____.

In terms of food capture, which sponge cell is most similar to the cnidocyte of a cnidarian?

The crown-of-thorns sea star, Acanthaster planci, preys on the flesh of live coral. If coral animals are attacked by these sea stars, then what actually provides nutrition to the sea star, and which chemical (besides the toxin within their nematocysts) do the corals rely on for protection?

Which of the following is characteristic of the phylum Platyhelminthes?

Members of the phylum Mollusca _____.

Which of the following is true of annelids?

A marine biologist dredges up a small animal from the bottom of the ocean. It is uniformly segmented, with short, stiff appendages and soft, flexible skin. It has a complete digestive system and a closed circulatory system, plus multiple true coeloms. Based on this, you determine that the animal must be a(n) _____.

You find what you believe is a new species of animal. Which of the following characteristics would enable you to argue that it is more closely related to a flatworm than it is to a roundworm?

Which of the following organisms would you expect to have the largest surface-area-to-volume ratio? Assume that all of the following are the same total length.

A natural predator of the crown-of-thorns sea star is a mollusc called the Giant Triton, Charonia tritonis. If the triton uses a radula to saw into the sea star, then to which clade should the triton belong?

Planarians lack dedicated respiratory and circulatory systems because _____.

Which characteristic is shared by cnidarians and flatworms?

Is there evidence of selection for defensive adaptations in mollusc populations exposed to predators? The fossil record provides evidence that predator-prey interactions may have shaped the course of animal evolution. Predators and prey are important selective agents on each other. Unsuccessful predators cannot obtain food, while prey that are unsuccessful at resisting attack are eaten. A team of researchers studied a predator, the European green crab (Carcinus maenas), and its prey, a snail called the flat periwinkle (Littorina obtusata), in the Gulf of Maine. European green crabs have preyed on flat periwinkles in the southern part of the Gulf for over 100 generations. Periwinkles from northern sites in the Gulf have been interacting with the invasive green crabs for relatively few generations, as the invasive crabs spread to the northern Gulf comparatively recently. Previous research shows that (1) flat periwinkle shells recently collected from the Gulf of Maine are thicker than those collected in the late 1800s, and (2) flat periwinkle populations from southern sites of the Gulf have thicker shells than populations from northern sites. The researchers collected periwinkles and crabs from sites in the northern and southern parts of the Gulf. A single crab was placed in a cage with eight periwinkles of different sizes. (All crabs were of similar size and included equal numbers of males and females.) Four treatments were set up, and each treatment was tested 12 to 14 times: •Northern crab caged with northern periwinkles •Northern crab caged with southern periwinkles •Southern crab caged with northern periwinkles •Southern crab caged with southern periwinkles After three days, the researchers assessed the fate of the eight periwinkles. The bar graph shows the data from this experiment. In a second experiment, the researchers removed the bodies of northern and southern periwinkles from their shells and presented the bodies to northern and southern crabs. The crabs consumed all of the unshelled periwinkles in less than an hour. Part A - Understanding the experimental design Which of the following is a hypothesis the researchers were testing in this study?

Part B Identify an independent variable in this experiment.

Part C Identify the dependent variable in this experiment.

Part D Why did the researchers set up four treatments?

Part E Why did the researchers present unshelled northern and southern periwinkles to northern and southern crabs in the second experiment?

part F - Interpreting the graph Which of the following best summarizes the results shown in the graph?

Part G Based on the results shown in the graph, how has natural selection affected populations of flat periwinkles in the southern Gulf of Maine over the last century?

Arthropod exoskeletons and mollusk shells both _____.

You find a multi-legged animal in your garden and want to determine if it is a centipede or a millipede. You take the animal to a university where a myriapodologist quickly tells you that you have found a centipede. Which of the following may have allowed her to make this distinction?

All arthropods _____. 1) undergo complete metamorphose 2) have jointed appendages 3) molt 4) have segmented bodies 5) have an exoskeleton or cuticle

In a tide pool, a student encounters an organism with a hard outer covering that contains much calcium carbonate, an open circulatory system, and gills. The organism could potentially be a crab, a shrimp, a barnacle, or a bivalve. The presence of which of the following structures would allow for the most certain identification of the organism?

Which of the following are thought to be most closely related to humans?

The water vascular system of echinoderms _____.

Current Events: It's Complicated: Dragonfly Love Comes Calling (New York Times, 10/17/2011) Part A Dragonflies are most closely related to which of the following?

Current Events: It's Complicated: Dragonfly Love Comes Calling (New York Times, 10/17/2011) Part B Which of the following is the biggest problem when it comes to studying dragonfly reproduction?

Current Events: It's Complicated: Dragonfly Love Comes Calling (New York Times, 10/17/2011) Part C Which of the following is true?

Current Events: It's Complicated: Dragonfly Love Comes Calling (New York Times, 10/17/2011) Part D Which of the following is true?

Current Events: It's Complicated: Dragonfly Love Comes Calling (New York Times, 10/17/2011) Part E You study shivering in dragonflies. What are you interested in?

Interpret the Data: Evolution of the Coelom in Bilaterian Animals Part A A phylogenetic tree showing the relationships among ten phyla of bilaterian animals is shown below. Label each branch with a C, P, or A, depending on whether members of the phylum are coelomates (C), pseudocoelomates (P), or acoelomates (A). Labels may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Part B What (if anything) can be inferred about whether the common ancestor of each of the three major bilaterian clades had a true coelom?

Part C To what extent has the presence of a true coelom in animals changed over the course of evolution?