Chapter 32 Latin America: Revolution and Reaction in the 20th Century – Flashcards
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1) What distinguishes those regions referred to as the "Third World" from other societies A) lack of stable political institutions B) lack of industrialization C) lack of major religious systems D) isolation in the world commercial network E) colonial status
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B
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2) The "Second World" refers to A) the industrialized West. B) Latin America. C) industrialized communist nations. D) unindustrialized nations. E) former British colonies.
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C
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3) Which of the following nations is NOT part of the "First World" A) the United States B) Japan C) Britain D) the Soviet Union E) Germany
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D
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4) In which of the regions of the world did Latin America belong A) First World B) Second World C) Third World D) Fourth World E) colonial world
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C
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5) Which of the following statements concerning change in Latin America in the twentieth century is most accurate A) The region has remained remarkably unchanged, as the old institutions and patterns of politics and economy have adapted to new situations. B) While the Latin American economy had remained relatively unchanged, the political and social order has been revolutionized. C) The most significant change has been in the overthrow of the old social hierarchy based on race and color. D) The elites of Latin America now are based on the increasingly dominant labor movement that accompanied industrialization throughout Latin America. E) Labor conditions in Latin America are now comparable to those in North America.
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A
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6) Two events set in motion trends that would determine much of Latin America's subsequent history: World War I and A) World War II. B) the Mexican Revolution. C) the Peron era. D) the communist revolution in Cuba. E) the Panama Canal.
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B
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7) At the end of World War I, what nation emerged as the dominant foreign power in Latin America A) Britain B) Germany C) the United States D) Spain E) France.
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C
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8) The Mexican Revolution began in A) 1901. B) 1910. C) 1914. D) 1919. E) 1876.
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B
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9) The man who had been in charge of the Mexican government since 1876 at the time of the Mexican Revolution was A) Francisco Madero. B) Augustin Iturbide. C) Benito Juarez. D) Porfirio Diaz. E) Jose Limantour.
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D
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10) What politician first challenged the Mexican government in 1910 A) Francisco Madero B) Augustin Iturbide C) Benito Juarez D) Porfirio Diaz E) Juan Almonte
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A
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11) Which of the following political and military leaders was NOT involved in the Mexican Revolution in 1910 A) Juan Jose Arevalo B) Francisco Madero C) Emiliano Zapata D) Pancho Villa E) Venustiano Carranza
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A
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12) What was the primary goal of Zapata's forces within the Mexican Revolution A) the presidency for Zapata B) industrialization C) extension of the plantation economy in Oaxaca D) sweeping land reform E) a democratic government
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D
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l3) In 1920 who was elected, bringing the Mexican Revolution to a close A) Emiliano Zapata B) Victoriano Huerta C) Alvaro Obregon D) Francisco Madero E) Jose Vasconcelos
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C
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14) The communal holdings created as part of the program of land reform following the Mexican Revolution were called A) playas. B) tierra libertad. C) las casas. D) ejidos. E) Encomiendas.
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D
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15) Which of the following reforms was NOT included in the revolutionary constitution of 1917 in Mexico A) state takeover of property belonging to the Catholic Church B) limited foreign ownership of key resources C) land reform D) guaranteed rights for workers E) education reform
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A
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16) Which of the following was included in the policy of "indigenism" that was incorporated into many of the post-revolutionary reforms in Mexico A) the removal of all evidence of Spanish heritage B) the Mexican muralist movement featuring works of Diego Rivera and Jose Oemente Orozco . C) active attempts to Europeanize Mexican culture D) intentional emulation of Soviet "socialist realism" E) less funding for archeological research
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B
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17) Who were the "Cristeros " A) Marxist revolutionaries within the Mexican labor force B) radicals who sought to overthrow the influence of Catholicism in Mexico C) conservative peasants backed by the Church who fought to stop the slide toward secularism D) members of the revolutionary elite who desired the establishment of a parliamentary democracy E) the strongest supporters of the Revolution of 1910
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C
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18) In 1934, Mexico nationalized its A) steel industry. B) petroleum industry . C) mining industry. D) textile industry. E) telephone com
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B
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19) Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the state of Mexican political organization after the revolution A) A multitude of political parties so confused the electoral scene that no meaningful political compromise could be achieved. B) Mexico was immediately dominated by labor parties who originated in the northern parts of Mexico. C) The revolutionary leadership institutionalized the regime by creating a one-party system under PRI. D) Presidents ruled much as the caudillos before them without limitation of powers or term of office. E) The system of foreign investment encouraged under Diaz was continued.
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C
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20) The spurt of industrial growth that occurred throughout Latin America when World War I cut off the traditional agricultural exports is called A) "export laden capitalization." B) the "Laffer Curve." C) "indigenization." D) "import substitution industrialization." E) "postwar prosperity."
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D
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21) In many Latin American countries, the traditional landowning oligarchy began to open up the political system in order meet the demand of what group to share political power A) laborers B) Indians C) middle class D) gauchos E) creoles
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C
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22) Between 1914 and 1930, Latin America was swept by A) strikes and labor unrest in response to economic dislocation. B) Indian uprisings. C) conservative revolutions in favor of caudillos. D) a series of European invasions. E) a devastating series of floods.
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A
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23) What was the primary difference between the Liberal governments of Latin America and those of Europe A) Latin American Liberals were more closely allied with labor. B) The programs of Latin American Liberals produced more social mobility. C) Latin American Liberals gained power in conjunction with the traditional oligarchy, and their programs failed to dissolve class boundaries. D) Latin American Liberals introduced the reformist ideal of the "cooperative democracy." E) Latin American liberals were much closer to the Communists.
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C
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24) What event brought an end to many of the Liberal governments in Latin America A) World War I B) the Great Depression C) World War n D) the Mexican Revolution E) the Cold War
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B
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25) Who was the popular reformist president of Mexico who governed between 1934 and 1940 A) Porfirio Diaz B) Diego Rivera C) Eligio Martinez D) Lazaro Cardenas E) Plutarco Calles
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D
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26) What type of government did Getelio Vargas institute in Brazil between 1929 and 1945 A) Vargas restored the Brazilian monarchy. B) Vargas introduced a centralized program based on ideas from Mussolini's Italy in 1937 before turning to the left by 1945. C) Vargas introduced a socialist and totalitarian government in 1929 based on the model of Stalin's Russia. D) Vargas was dedicated to the principles of liberal democracy and the retention of a vibrant and open political arena. E) Vargas ended all forms of racial oppression and dedicated the government to the principle of absolute equality.
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B
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27) What military leader in Argentina broadened the base of support for the conservative government by appealing to labor groups and by utilizing the popularity of his wife A) Juan D. Peron B) Victorio Huerta C) Ernesto Chavez D) Julio Iglesias E) Joao Goulart
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A
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28) What caused the downfall of the first Peronist government in 1955 A) the death of Peron B) Peron's divorce of Evita C) the coalition of labor, business, and the military fell apart D) a peasant revolution E) war with Britain over possession of the Falkland Islands
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C
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29) What corporation in Guatemala became the centerpiece of the dispute between the United States and reform governments in the Central American country A) U.S. Steel B) Ford Motor Company C) Continental Can Company D) United Fruit Company E) Coca Cola
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D
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30) Which of the following statements concerning the revolution in Guatemala in 1954 is most accurate A) The communist Arbenz government that ruled Guatemala was overthrown by liberal reformers under Arevalo. B) Communist revolutionaries overthrew the conservative military government despite active U.S. support. C) The U.S. Central Intelligence Agency aided conservative dissidents in overthrowing the nationalistic Arbenz government. D) The U.s.-supported regime that replaced the Arbenz government introduced significant land reform and limited foreign ownership of Guatemalan industry . E) the Arbenz government welcomed the assistance of the United States.
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C
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31) Who was the leader of the Cuban revolution that overthrew Fulgencio Batista A) Hortensio Herrera B) Cristobal Colon C) Juan Peron D) Fidel Castro E) Ernesto Guevara
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D
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32) The Cuban revolution was referred to by the revolutionaries as A) "Tierra y Libertad." B) the "26th of July Movement." C) the "Decembrist revolt." D) "Vota Asi." E) "Tierra y Paz"
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B
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33) What Argentine revolutionary assisted in the overthrow of the Cuban government in 1956 A) Carlos Obregon B) Ernesto Che Guevara C) Fulgencio Batista D) Enrique Ramirez E) Eduardo Frei
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B
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34) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the outcome of the Cuban revolution A) Despite the successful overthrow of Batista, the revolutionary government failed to enact significant reforms in the plantation economy. B) The revolutionary government eventually announced its adoption of Marxist-Leninist leanings, broke off relations with the U.S., and introduced sweeping socialist reforms. C) The largely liberal government that resulted from the revolution returned to the constitution of 1940 and closer relationships with the u.s. D) After a brief sojourn in the U.S., Batista was able to return to power with the support of the U.S. military. E) The Cuban Revolution produced a short-lived Marxist state.
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B
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35) The revolutionary government of Cuba traded economic dependency on the U.S. for A) economic autonomy with a successful program of industrialization. B) increasing political and economic ties with Japan. C) increasing economic dependency on the Soviet Union. D) a significant share of the world's petroleum market. E) a new prosperity tied to tourism.
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C
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36) The emergence within the Roman Catholic hierarchy of a combination of theology and socialist principles in an effort to bring about improved conditions for the poor was called A) "liberation theology." B) "socialism in one country." C) "Tierra y Liberated.' D) the "communist primer." E) the "counter-reformation. "
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A
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37) Which of the following countries was NOT affected by a military coup during the 1960s and 1970s A) Chile B) Brazil C) Argentina D) Mexico E) Belize
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E
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38) Which of the following statements concerning military governments in Latin America after 1960 is most accurate A) Military governments tended to favor labor and the working classes at the expense of the traditional oligarchy. B) Political repression and torture were often used to silence critics. C) None of the military governments were successful in introducing social or economic reforms. D) Military governments were uniformly surrogates for conservatives in Latin American society. E) Military governments reestablished order and then held democratic elections.
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B
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39) Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the progress of democratization in Latin America during the 1980s A) Despite return to democratic government in many Latin American countries, problems with populist movements, threats from military leaders, inflation, and the drug trade weakened the new regimes. B) Once democratic governments were restored in much of Latin America, the influence of the u.s. in the region began to wane. C) The return of democracy to Latin America was so universal that military governments ceased to exist. D) Democratic governments in the 19805 ceased to be troubled by the existence of leftist, guerrilla movements. E) Democratic governments resulted in better living conditions in all Latin American countries.
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A
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40) How many direct US military interventions were there in the Caribbean and Central America before 1933 A) 2 B) 7 C) 16 D) over 30 E) none
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D
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41) What Nicaraguan politician led an opposition to U.S. occupation until his assassination in 1934 A) Augusto Sandino B) Violeta Chamorro C) Daniel Ortega D) Luiz Inacio Silva E) Oscar Romero
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A
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42) Conservative governments and dictatorships established in the aftermath of U.S. military intervention in Latin America were referred to as A) "Uncle Sam's Amigos." B) "C.I.A. heaven." C) "Banana Republics." D) "Burrito Bandits." E) "Good Neighbors. "
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C
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43) What U.S. president introduced the "Good Neighbor Policy" that promised to deal more fairly with Latin American countries and to halt direct military intervention A) Theodore Roosevelt B) Calvin Coolidge C) Franklin Roosevelt D) Harry Truman E) Warren Harding
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C
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44) What led to the U.S. return to more aggressive policies including direct military intervention following World War ill A) the desire to contain communism and the Cold War B) the discovery of uranium in Mexico C) the increasing intervention of Japan into Latin American economies D) the alliance of many Latin American countries with fascist governments during the war E) the need to prevent human rights violations
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A
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45) Which of the following statements concerning women in Latin American politics and society is most accurate A) Nowhere in Latin America did women achieve the right to vote before 1955. B) Women tended to join the national political parties, where traditional prejudices against women in public life limited their ability to influence programs. C) Women continued to be excluded from the Latin American industrialized labor force, although they played a major role in agricultural production. D) By the mid-1980s, Latin American women continued to hold social and political status more similar to other areas of the Third World than western Europe and North America. E) Women were unwilling to challenge traditions that kept them out of the political arena.
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B
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46) Which of the following statements concerning Latin American population is most accurate A) Between 1950 and 1985, Latin American population remained stagnant due to poor health conditions and constant internal warfare. B) Despite improvements, Latin America's population continued to increase more slowly than that of North America. C) Almost all population increase in Latin America can be attributed to immigration of European laborers. D) Since 1950, Latin American population has more than doubled, while North American population has grown more slowly. E) the diffusion of the Latin American people into the United States has virtually ceased.
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D
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47) Which of the following types of population movement was NOT typical of Latin Am in the late twentieth century A) movement of labor across international boundaries in Latin America B) movement of labor from Latin America to the u.s. C) flight of political refugees D) movement of population away from the cities to the countryside E) movement of populations into large urban areas
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D
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48) The percentage of Latin American people living in cities is A) greater than Western Europe. B) less than Asia. C) less than Africa. D) less than Europe, but greater than Africa and Asia. E) about the same as in the United States
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D
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49) With respect to religion, the vast majority of Latin Americans A) are still nominally Roman Catholics. B) practice religions brought with slave populations from Africa. C) follow indigenous Indian religions that predate the arrival of the Spaniards. D) have converted to some form of Protestantism. E) view the Catholic Church as a symbol of oppression.
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A
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50) Which of the following is NOT a Latin American literary figure of the late twentieth century A) Pablo Neruda B) Gabriel Garcia Marquez C) Jose Oemente Orozco D) Jorge Luis Borges E) Eduardo Galeano.
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C
