chapter 3; water and life – Flashcards
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properties of water
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cohesion, high surface tension, high heat capacity, varying density, solvency
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significance of ice floating in water
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ice less dense than water, bodies of water would freeze solid if not, life in water could not survive
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van der waals
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changing areas of positive to negative enable atoms and molecules to stick together, weak attractions
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acid
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ph 0, releases H+
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acid precipitation
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precipitation with ph lower than 5.2
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base
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ph 14, OH-
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cohesion
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water molecules stick together
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evaporative cooling
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substance evaporates and leaves cooler surface
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hydration shell
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sphere of water molecules around a dissolved ion
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hydrogen ion
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H+
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hydronium ion
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H3O+ water molecule with extra proton
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hydrophobic
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nonionic, nonpolar
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hydroxide ion
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OH- water molecule lost a proton
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pH
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describe acidity of a solution
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pH scale
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7 is basic gg
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polar covalent bonds
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slightly electromagnetic bonds
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polar molecule
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opposite ends have opposite electric charges
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solute
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solid portion of solution dissolved in solvent
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solution
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a liquid consisting of a mixture of two or more substances
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solvent
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the liquid portion of solution
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surface tension
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measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
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electronegativity
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tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward itself
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polar
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unequal sharing of electrons within a water molecule
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neutral solution
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hydrogen ions equal to hydroxide ions
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charge of hydronium ion (H)
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1+
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charge of hydroxide ion (OH)
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1-
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property of water allows a paper towel to pick up a puddle
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adhesion
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property of water allow dogs to cool themselves panting
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high heat vaporization
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polar attractions are
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forces between atoms with partial charges, weaker than covalent, numerous
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hydrogen bonds
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form between O-H and N-H
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water has surface tension because
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hydrogen bonds between surface water molecules resist being stretched
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why is ice less dense than water
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water molecules make hydrogen bonds at definite angles, cold molecules move less
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why doesn't oil mix with water
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polar molecules attract to one another, no room for non polar
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properties of acid
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low ph, high hydronium ion concentration
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compound is acid if
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donates H+
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hydrogen bond
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negative charge at one end of a water molecule attracted to slight positive charge of another water molecule
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water can form hydrogen bonds with
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compounds that have polar covalent bonds
