Chapter 3 US History Test – Flashcards
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merchantilism
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country's ultimate goal was self-sufficiency and taht all countries were in a competition to acquire the most gold and silver
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favorable balance of trade
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sell more than we buy
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Navigation Acts
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restrict colonial trade, the colonies were only allowed to trade with England
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revocation of Massachusetts Bay charter, 1684
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united the Dominion of England to make one charter
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James (Stewart) II
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1685, brother of Charles II, created Dominion of New England
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The Dominion of New England
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south Maine to New Jersey
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Sir Edmund Andros
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royal governor of New England chased out and then given charters back
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Increase Mather
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most prominent minister in Massachusetts intellectual
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the Glorious Revolution
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1688, parliament pushes out James II, no Catholic can rule, power over monarch
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William and Mary
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only two English monarchs to rule together/jointly
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salutary neglect
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leaving colonies alone as long as goods and other trades were given to England, more smuggled goods during this time
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self-government evolves in colonies
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eventually created conditions for rebellion
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merchant marine
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countries commercial ships
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privateers
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other ships of countries
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plantation economy
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large farms growing cash crops
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cash crop
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raised large scale for soil
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German settlers
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Eastern Pennsylvania, Mass., Del
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Scot-Irish
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many in Virginia, Celtic music, Blue Grass, hills and valleys
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small farmers
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majority of rural population
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planters
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majority of economic and political power
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role of women
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second-class citizenship, few legal or social rights, not afforded education
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indentured laborers
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white men traded life of prison or poverty in Europe for limited term of servitude in North America
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Bacon's Rebellion
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1676, organization, rebellious militia and went down to capitol colony's former indentured servents, burned capitol of Jamestown
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triangular trade
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merchants carried rum and other goods from New England to Africa, in Africa: they traded there merchandise for enslaved people, who them transported to the West Indies and sold for sugar and molasses, these goods were shipped to New England
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Middle Passage
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voyages that brought Africa to West Indies
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Stono Rebellion, 1739
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20 slaves gathered at Stono Rebellion Southwest of Charlestown, killed several planter families
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diversed economies, agricultural and commercial
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northern colonies produced several crops instead of just one like in the South, wheat, corn, cattle, hogs, grinding wheat, harvesting fish, sawing lumber were thriving industries
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norther ports
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Boston, NYC, Philadelphia
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diverse society
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germans and Skots-Irish were largest non-English immigrante groups, Mennonites, Quakers, Dutch, Scandinavians, Jews, did not always mix
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slavery in the northern colonies
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raising tobcacco and ride is less incentive to turn to slavery, greater legal standing, could su, be sued, right to appeal to the highest courts
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women in northern society
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extensive work responsibilites but few legal rights, could not vote, enter into contracts, buy or sell property, keep own wages
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Salem witch trials
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religious fanaticism, women's roles, social tensions, trained relations with Native Americans, false accusations, poor against rich residents, women who were too independent, accused governors wife, ended 19 people hanged, 150 imprisoned
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The Englightenment
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and 18th Century intellectual movement that emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as means of obtaining knowledge
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Benjamin Franklin
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Enlightenment, obtained truth through experimentation and reasoning, flying kite in thunderstorm
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the great awkaening
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a revival of religious feeling in the american colonies during 1730s and 1740s
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Jonathan Edwards
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member of the clergy who sought to revive the intensity and commitment of the orginal Puritan vision, preached taht church attendance was not enough for salvation, acknowledge their sinfulness and feel God's love for them
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George Whitefield
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British minister, major force behind the Great Awakening
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New France
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the French colony in North America, 70,000 people, for traders, Catholic priests who wanted to convert Native Americans
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George Washinton
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established out post at Fort Necessity, his militia attacked a small detachment of French soldiers, had to surrender
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French and India War
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fourth war between GB and France, Fort Necessity was opening
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William Pitt
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new leader of government chosen by King George II in 1957, reinvigorated British army finally began winning battles
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Poniac
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1763, Ottawa leader, loss of French was loss of Native Americans
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Proclamation of 1763
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issued by British government to avoid further conflicts with NA, banned all settlement west of the Appalachiands, Proclamations line
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George Grenville
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financial expert chosen by King George III to serve as prime minister in 1763, angered merchants, prompted sugar acts
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Sugar Acts
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halved the duty on foreign-made masses, placed duties on certain imports, strengthened the enforcement of the law allowing prosecutors to try smiggling in a vice-admiralty court rather than in a more sypathetic colonial court
