Chapter 28 STUDY GUIDE – Flashcards

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(True/False) The progressive movement believed that social and economic problems should be solved at the community level without involvement by the federal government.
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False
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(True/False) Muckraking journalists, social-gospel ministers, and women reformers all aroused Americans' concern about economic and social problems.
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True
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(True/False) Early twentieth-century progressivism found its home almost entirely in the Republican party.
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False
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(True/False) Many female progressives saw the task of improving life in factories and slums as an extension of their traditional roles as wives and mothers.
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True
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(True/False) President Theodore Roosevelt ended the anthracite coal strike by threatening to use federal troops to break the miners' union.
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False
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(True/False) Some progressive reforms such as the municipal ownership of utilities were modeled on the admired practices of contemporary German cities.
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True
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(True/False) Roosevelt believed that all the monopolistic corporate trusts should be broken up so that competition could be restored among smaller businesses.
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False
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(True/False) Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle, was intended to arouse consumers' concern about unsanitary practices in the meat industry.
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False
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(True/False) Conservation of forests, water, and other natural resources was probably Theodore Roosevelt's most popular and enduring presidential achievement.
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True
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(True/False) Defenders of nature became divided between fervent preservationists who wanted to stop all human intrusions into wilderness areas and more moderate conservationists who thought nature should be available for multiple use
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True
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(True/False) Roosevelt effectively used the power of the presidency and the federal government to tame and regulate unbridled capitalism while preserving the basic foundations of the market system and American business
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True
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(True/False) William Howard Taft demonstrated his skill as a political campaigner and leader throughout his presidency
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False
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(True/False) Progressive Republicans became angry with President Taft because he began to form alliances with Democrats and Socialists.
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False
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(True/False) The Ballinger-Pinchot conservation controversy pushed Taft further into an alliance with the reactionary Republican Old Guard and against the pro-Roosevelt progressives.
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True
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(True/False) President Taft used his firm control of the Republican party machinery to deny Theodore Roosevelt the nomination in 1912.
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True
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The two primary goals of the progressive movement, as a whole, were to
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improve the quality of urban life and help immigrants adjust to American life.
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Prominent among those who aroused the progressive movement by stirring the public's sense of concern were
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socialists, social gospelers, women, and muckraking journalists.
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Which of the following was not among the targets of muckraking journalistic exposés?
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The U.S. Army and Navy
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Most progressives were
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immigrants.
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Among the political reforms sought by the progressives were
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initiative and referendum, direct election of senators, and women's suffrage.
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The states where progressivism first gained great influence were
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Wisconsin, Oregon, and California.
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The Supreme Court case of Muller v. Oregon was seen as a victory for both progressivism and women's rights because it
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upheld the right of women to vote in state and local elections.
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President Theodore Roosevelt ended the major Pennsylvania coal strike by
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forcing the mine owners and workers to negotiate by threatening to seize the coal mines and operate them with federal troops.
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The Roosevelt-backed Elkins Act and Hepburn Act were aimed at
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more effective regulation of the railroad industry.
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The controversy over the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park revealed
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a philosophical disagreement between wilderness preservationists and more moderate multiple-use conservationists.
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Two issues that President Roosevelt especially promoted as part of his progressive policies were
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consumer protection and conservation of nature.
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Roosevelt was blamed by big business for the Panic of 1907 because
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his progressive boat-rocking tactics had allegedly unsettled industry and undermined business confidence
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Progressive Republicans grew deeply disillusioned with Taft, especially over the issues of
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trust-busting, tariffs, and conservation.
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Roosevelt finally decided to break with the Republicans and form a third party because
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Taft had used his control of the Republican party machine to deny Roosevelt the nomination.
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As a result of his successful presidential campaign in 1908, William Howard Taft was widely expected to
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advance the issues of women's suffrage and prohibition of alcohol.
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A largely middle-class movement that aimed to use the power of government to correct the economic and social problems of industrialism
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progressivism
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Popular journalists who used publicity to expose corruption and attack abuses of power in business and government
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muckrakers
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Progressive proposal to allow voters to bypass state legislatures and propose legislation themselves
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intiative
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Progressive device that would enable voters to remove corrupt or ineffective officials from office
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recall
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Roosevelt's policy of having the federal government promote the public interest by dealing evenhandedly with both labor and business
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square deal
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Effective railroad-regulation law of 1906 that greatly strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission
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hepburn act
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Disastrous industrial fire of 1911 that spurred workmen's compensation laws and some state regulation of wages and hours in New York
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Northern See. Co
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Upton Sinclair's novel that inspired pro-consumer federal laws regulating meat, food, and drugs
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The Jungle
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Powerful women's reform organization led by Frances Willard
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Woman's Christian Temperance Union
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Brief but sharp economic downturn of 1907, blamed by conservatives on the supposedly dangerous president
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Panic of 1907
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Generally unsuccessful Taft foreign policy in which government attempted to encourage overseas business ventures
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Dollar Diplomacy
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Powerful corporation broken up by a Taft-initiated antitrust suit in 1911
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Standard Oil Company
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Eccentric economist who criticized the wealthy for conspicuous consumption and failure to serve real human needs
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Thorstein Veblen
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Early muckraker who exposed the political corruption in many American cities
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Lincoln Steffens
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Leading muckraking journalist whose articles documented the Standard Oil Company's abuse of power
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Ida Tarbell
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Progressive measure that required U.S. senators to be elected directly by the people rather than by state legislatures
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Seventeenth Amendment
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The most influential of the state-level progressive governors and a presidential aspirant in 1912
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Robert M. La Follette
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Progressive governor of California who broke the stranglehold of the Southern Pacific Railroad on the state's politics
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Hiram Johnson
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New York City disaster that underscored urban workers' need for government protection
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Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire
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Powerful progressive women's organization that sought to "make the world homelike" by outlawing the saloon and the product it sold
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Women's Christian Temperance Union
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Dangerous labor conflict resolved by Rooseveltian negotiation and threats against business people
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Anthracite coal strike
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Leading female progressive reformer whose advocacy of pacifism as well as social welfare set her at odds with more muscular and militant progressives
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Jane Addams
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Progressive novelist who sought to aid industrial workers, but found his book, The Jungle, instead inspiring middle-class consumer protection.
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Upton Sinclair
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Case that upheld protective legislation on the grounds of women's supposed physical weakness
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Muller v. Oregon
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Politically inept inheritor of the Roosevelt legacy who ended up allied with the reactionary Republican Old Guard
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William Howard Taft
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Supreme court ruling that overturned a progressive law mandating a ten-hour workday
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Lochner v. New York
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Pro-conservation federal official whose dismissal by Taft angered Roosevelt progressives
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Gifford Pinchot
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(Cause/Effect) Provided the pioneering forces who laid the foundations for the Progressive movement
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Old-time Populists, muckraking journalists, social-gospel ministers, and European socialist immigrants
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(Cause/Effect) Led to reforms like the initiative, referendum, and direct election of senators
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Progressive concern about political corruption
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(Cause/Effect) Led the way in using universities and regulatory agencies to pursue progressive goals
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Governors like Robert La Follette
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(Cause/Effect) Forced a compromise settlement of a strike that threatened the national well-being
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Roosevelt's threat to seize the anthracite coal mines
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(Cause/Effect) Served as the launching pads for widespread female involvement in progressive reforms
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Settlement houses and women's clubs
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(Cause/Effect) Outraged consumers and led to the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act
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Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
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(Cause/Effect) Ended the era of uncontrolled exploitation of nature and involved the federal government in preserving natural resources
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Roosevelt's personal interest in conservation
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(Cause/Effect) Incensed pro-Roosevelt progressives and increased their attacks on the Republican Old Guard
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Taft's political mishandling of tariff and conservation policies
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(Cause/Effect) Made Taft's dollar-diplomacy policy a failure
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Russia's and Japan's hostility to an American role in China
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(Cause/Effect) Laid the basis for a third-party crusade in the election of 1912
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Roosevelt's feeling that he was cheated out of the Republican nomination by the Taft machine
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