Test Answers on chapter 24 – Flashcards
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During most of the eighteenth century, European society was shaken by a struggle between the
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landed nobility and the middle class.
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Hobbes viewed humans as
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greedy
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Hobbes compared a sovereign or ruling assembly to a
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leviathan
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Locke asserted that humans have a right to life, liberty, and ___________.
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property
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What did Montesquieu oppose?
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slavery
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Montesquieu generally is credited with pioneering the field of
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sociology
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Montesquieu and Locke influenced the themes expressed in the Declaration of Independence that was written by
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Jefferson
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Who wrote: "I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than were your ancestors"?
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Abigail Adams
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One of the first champions of equality of the sexes was
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Condorcet
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The U.S. Constitution's separation of government into the executive, judicial, and legislative branches is based on the theories of
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Motesquieu
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Adam Smith asserted that a nation's wealth is in its
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labor
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Laissez faire economics as defined by Adam Smith insisted on
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the law of supply and demand
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Most philosophes were
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deists
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Who was the editor of the Encyclopédie?
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Diderot
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Samuel Johnson published the first
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English dictionary
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Locke affirmed that
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human beings are capable of governing themselves.
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Wilhelm Leibniz's theories were primarily
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optimistic
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Cesare de Beccaria advocated a reform of
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prisons
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Wollstonecraft held that the education of most women was
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disorderly and inadequate.
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The most important form of literary entertainment in the eighteenth century was the
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novel
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The Tatler and Spectator are types of
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newspapers
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The first English novelist is
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Defoe "robinson crusoe"
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Alexander Pope preferred to write
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heroic couplets
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Pope asserted that the proper study of mankind is
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man
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Hobbes and Locke agreed that
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an ideal government must be based on a social contract.
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Locke asserted that sovereignty rested with the
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people
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The separation of powers among the executive, judicial, and legislative branches of government was advocated by
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Montesquieu
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According to the philosophes, social reform in the understanding of _________________ by studying history.
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human nature
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Antoine Nicolas de Condorcet promoted (and Wollstonecraft)
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sexual equality (women's rights)
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The prime symbol of the Enlightenment was
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encyclopedie
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Which of the following two philosophers advanced the idea that government must be based on a social contract?
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Hobbes and Locke
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Which philosopher advocated that the best form of government should be based on the power and strength of one man or upon one assembly of men that may reduce all their wills, by plurality of voices, unto one will?
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Hobbes
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John Locke asserted that sovereignty rested with the people, and government existed only to protect the natural rights of its citizens.
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true
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Thomas Jefferson borrowed ideas for the Declaration of Independence from Thomas Hobbes who defended the use of force to unseat a ruler who, by his violation of the social contract, forfeited the right to rule.
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false
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Condorcet believed that human nature could be perfected through __________________________________.
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application of reason
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Where did the first novel appear in world literature?
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China and Japan
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Which of the following was a British novelist?
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Samuel Richardson
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Pope's "Essay on Man" is an example of
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heroic couplet poem
