Chapter 22 Nationalism Triumphs in Europe Section 1 – Flashcards
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"blood and iron" speech
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Otto von Bismarck delivered it in 1862 which set the tone for his future policies of building a strong, unified German state
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Otto von Bismarck
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German leader who unified the German state - came from Prussia's Junker class, first served Prussia as a diplomat in Russia and France, chief minister in 1848, and was made Prime Minister in 1862
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William I
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King of Prussia and German Emperor
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Congress of Vienna
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The peace settlement that attempted to redraw Europe's political map after the defeat of Napoleonic France
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German Confederation
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weak alliance headed by Austria created at the Congress of Vienna
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Zollverein
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Prussia created an economic union - it dismantled tariff barriers between many German states - German customs union (all german states except Austria)
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chancellor
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the highest official of a monarch (Bismarck became it to King William I and used his policy of "blood and iron" to unite the German states under Prussian rule
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Realpolitik
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realistic politics based on the needs of the state
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annex
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Add a territory to an existing state or country (take control of)
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Hohenzollerns
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the ruling dynasty of Prussia, who represented a powerful, traditional monarchy - through unification, Bismarck hoped to bring more power to the them
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kaiser
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Emperor of Germany
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reich
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German empire
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Austro-Prussian War
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1866 - Bismarck attacks Austria and defeats it in only 7 weeks - dissolved the Austrian-led German Confederation and created an new confederation dominated by Prussia
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Franco-Prussian War
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1870 - A superior Prussian force, supported by troops from other German states, smashed the badly organized and poorly supplied French soldiers
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"Ems dispatch"
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Bismarck rewriting and then releasing to the press a telegram that reported on a meeting between King William I and the French ambassador. Bismarck's editing of the telegram made it seem that William I had insulted the Frenchman - Napoleon III declared war on Prussia (as Bismarck wanted)
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Second Reich
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January 1871: German nationalists celebrated the birth of the this new unified Germany - heir to the Holy Roman Empire
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Bundesrat
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German upper house of a new two-house legislature, was appointed by the rulers of the German states
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Reichstag
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German lower house of a new two-house legislature, was elected by universal male suffrage
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In what ways did Napoleon's rule bring about a desire for German unity?
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The Rhine Confederation probably encouraged people to believe that German states could unite. Also, many Germans wanted to free themselves from French rule and unite into a strong German state
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What was the Zollverein and how did it encourage German unification?
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It was a German economic union created by Prussia that did away with trade barriers; however, the states still remained politically divided
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What did they name the new German empire?
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the Second Reich
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What does it suggest that the new empire was named the Second Reich in order to connect it to the Holy Roman Empire?
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Its founders had grand ambitions for the new empire; they expected it to dominate Europe and last a long time
