Chapter 21 Genetics – Flashcards
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1. The first hormone made by recombinant bacteria was _____. A. insulin B. glucagon C. somatostatin D. None of the answers are correct.
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A. insulin
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What is the purpose of cyanogen bromide in the manufacture of insulin by recombinant bacteria? A. allows for uptake of the plasmid B. enhances activity of the restriction enzymes C. creates sticky ends for integration into the plasmid D. cleaves the A or B chain from the -galactosidase protein
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D. cleaves the A or B chain from the -galactosidase protein
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Bioremediation is used to treat which of the following? A. oil spills B. sewage C. pesticides D. heavy metals E. All of the answers have been successfully remediated.
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E. All of the answers have been successfully remediated.
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Following a gene replacement event that occurred via homologous recombination, which copy of the gene(s) is(are) present on the chromosome? A. only the cloned gene B. only the original gene C. both the cloned and original gene D. neither the cloned, nor original gene
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A. only the cloned gene
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Using the NeoR/TK system of introducing gene replacements into mice, which of the following gene combinations would identify those mouse cells that were the result of homologous recombination? A. NeoR only B. TK only C. both NeoR and TK D. neither NeoR, nor TK
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A. NeoR only
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Which organism, used by molecular biologists, produces transgenic plants? A. Escherichia coli B. plasmid pSC101 C. bacteriophage D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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In the production of transgenic plants, what selectable marker is most commonly used to indicate that a plant cell has taken up the T-DNA vector that includes the cloned gene? A. ampicillin resistance B. neomycin resistance C. streptomycin resistance D. kanamycin resistance
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D. kanamycin resistance
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Which of the following mechanisms uses high-velocity microprojectiles, coated with DNA, to produce a transgenic plant? A. Agrobacterium tumefaciens B. electroporation C. microinjection D. biolistic gene transfer E. None of the answers are correct.
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D. biolistic gene transfer
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The first organism ever cloned by researchers was Dolly the sheep in 1997. TRUE or FALSE?
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TRUE
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Although Dolly was only three years old, her chromosomes had the length of a 9- to 10-year-old sheep. Which of the following best describes why this occurred? A. The cell lines that created Dolly were aged prematurely in the lab and thus became longer. B. Nonhomologous recombination occurred, which caused Dolly's chromosomes to shorten. C. A mutation enhanced the rate of aging of Dolly's chromosomes. D. Dolly was not a clone. E. The telomeres of the somatic cells that Dolly originated from were already shortening.
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E. The telomeres of the somatic cells that Dolly originated from were already shortening.
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Which of the following terms describes a cell that can form any other cell of the organism? A. pluripotent B. totipotent C. unipotent D. All of the answers are correct.
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B. Totipotent
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Which of the following cells is not pluripotent? A. embryonic stem cells B. embryonic germ cells C. both are pluripotent D. neither are pluripotent
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C. both are pluripotent
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Which of the following cells are pluripotent? (Check all that apply) _____ embryonic stem cells _____ embryonic germ cells _____ neuronal cells _____ epithelial cells _____ red blood cells _____ adult stem cells
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first 2
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. Hematopoietic stem cells are _____. A. pluripotent B. totipotent C. unipotent D. multipotent
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D. multipotent
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The primary interest of genetic research into stem cells is the desire to clone a human being. TRUE or FALSE?
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FLASE
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Bone marrow transplants typically use what type of cells? A. embryonic stem cells B. embryonic germ cells C. hematopoietic stem cells D. None of the answers are correct
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C. hematopoietic stem cells
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The origins of which of the following cell types creates the least amount of ethical debate? A. embryonic germ cells B. hematopoietic stem cells C. embryonic stem cells D. All of the answers are equal.
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B. hematopoietic stem cells
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Which of the following is not an advantage of a transgenic plant? A. widely accepted by the public B. increased resistance to disease and pests C. adaptability to harsh environments D. improved shelf life
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A. widely accepted by the public
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Which of the following can be used as a vector for gene therapy? A. liposomes B. parvoviruses C. adenoviruses D. retroviruses E. All of the answers are correct.
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E. All of the answers are correct.
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The first human disease successfully treated using gene therapy was _____. A. diabetes B. cystic fibrosis C. severe combined immunodeficiency disease D. muscular dystrophy E. None of the answers are correct.
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C. severe combined immunodeficiency disease
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In the treatment of ADA deficiency and SCID, which cell type was targeted for gene therapy? A. fibroblasts B. embryonic stem cells C. hematopoietic stem cells D. lymphocytes E. neutrophils
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D. lymphocytes
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Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell? A. embryonic stem cells B. red blood cells C. fetal heart cells D. umbilical cord blood E. nerve cells
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A. embryonic stem cells
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Unipotent cells may differentiate into all other cell types of the body. TRUE or FALSE
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FLASE
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The use of microorganisms or their products to alleviate plant disease is an example of biological control. TRUE or FALSE?
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TRUE
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The reduction of pollutants in the environment by microorganisms is called biodegradation. TRUE or FALSE?
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FALSE
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A transgenic organism has recombinant DNA integrated into its genome. TRUE or FALSE?
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TRUE
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An individual who contains cells that are mutated is called a chimera. TRUE or FALSE?
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FALSE
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An organism that can be regenerated from somatic cells is called multipotent. TRUE or FALSE?
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FALSE
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The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation. TRUE or FALSE?
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TRUE
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Identical twins are an example of gene cloning. TRUE or FALSE?
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TRUE
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Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic animals, such as cattle. TRUE or FALSE?
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FASLE
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Lipid vesicles that introduce DNA into a cell for gene therapy are called liposomes. TRUE or FALSE?
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TRUE
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In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene. TRUE or FALSE?
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FALSE
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In the French study involving human gene therapy, what was one serious side effect? A. The location of the retroviral vector integration caused leukemia to develop in some of the patients. B. Leukemia developed in the patients despite ideal retroviral vector integration into the patient genome. C. Within three years, various types of cancer developed in all of the patients. D. No serious side effects have occurred from studies
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A. The location of the retroviral vector integration caused leukemia to develop in some of the patients.
