Chapter 20 Vocab – AP World History – Flashcards
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factories
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European trading fortresses and compounds with resident merchants; utilized throughout Portuguese trading empire to assure secure landing places and commerce
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El Mina
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Most important of early Portuguese trading factories in forest zone of Africa
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Nzinga Mvemba
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King of Kongo south of Zaire River from 1507 to 1543; converted to Christianity and took title Alfonso I; under Portuguese influence attempted to Christianize all of kingdom
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Luanda
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Portuguese factory established in 1520s south of Kongo; became basis for Portuguese colony of Angola
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Royal African Company
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Chartered in 1660s to establish a monopoly over the slave trade among British merchants; supplied African slaves to colonies in Barbados, Jamaica, and Virginia
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Indies piece
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Term utilized within the complex exchange system established by the Spanish for African trade; referred to the value of an adult male slave
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triangular trade
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Commerce linking Africa, the New World colonies, and Europe; slaves carried to America for sugar and tobacco transported to Europe
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Asante Empire
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Established in Gold Coast among Akan people settled around Kumasi; dominated by Oyoko clan; many clans linked under Osei Tutu after 1650
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Osei Tutu
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member of Oyoko clan of Akan peoples in Gold Coast region of Africa; responsible for creating unified Asante Empire in 1701; utilized Western firearms
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asantehene
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Title taken by ruler of Asante Empire; supreme civil and religious leader; authority symbolized by golden stool
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Dahomey
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Kingdom developed among Fon or Aja peoples in 17th century; center at Abomey 70 miles from coast; under King Agaja expanded to control coastline and port of Whydah by 1727; accepted Western firearms and goods in return for African slaves
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Luo
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Nilotic people who migrated from Upper Nile valley; established dynasty among existing Bantu population in lake region of central eastern Africa; center at Bunyoro
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Fulani
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Pastoral people of western Sudan; adopted purifying Sufi variant of Islam; under Usuman Dan Fodio in 1804, launched revolt against Hausa kingdoms; established state centered on Sokoto
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Great Trek
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Movement of Boer settlers in Cape Colony of southern Africa to escape influence of British colonial government in 1834; led to settlement of regions north of Orange River and Natal
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mfecane
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Wars of 19th century in southern Africa; created by Zulu expansion under Shaka; revolutionized political organization of southern Africa
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Swazi
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New African state formed on model of Zulu chiefdom; survived mfecane
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Lesotho
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Southern African state that survived mfecane; not based on Zulu model; less emphasis on military organization, less authoritarian government
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Middle Passage
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Slave voyage from Africa to the Americas (16th-18th centuries); generally a traumatic experience for black slaves, although it failed to strip Africans of their culture
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saltwater slaves
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Slaves transported from Africa; almost invariably black
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Creole slaves
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American-born descendants of saltwater slaves; result of sexual exploitation of slave women or process of miscegenation
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obeah
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African religious ideas and practices in the English and French Caribbean islands
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candomble
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African religious ideas and practices in Brazil, particularly among the Yoruba people
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vodun
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African religious ideas and practices among descendants of African slaves in Haiti
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Palmares
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Kingdom of runaway slaves with a population of 8,000 to 10,000 people; located in Brazil during the 17th century; leadership was Angolan
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Suriname
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Formerly a Dutch plantation colony on the coast of South America, location of runaway slave kingdom in 18th century; able to retain independence despite attempts to crush guerrilla resistence
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William Wilberforce
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British statesman and reformer; leader of abolitionist movement in English parliament that led to end of English slave trade in 1807
